Abstract：The early years of PRC constituted the starting period for the modernization for the new China. In these years CPC made the primary plan of modernizing China and took a number of important measures for its starting. The plan and measures originated from the combination of other countries' modernization with the practical situation in China, so they resulted in a great deal of achievements which made the years the most successful period in the process of the modernization in China before 1978, the year when the reform and open policy were launched. On the other hand there seemed to be some shortcomings and limitations in these early efforts of modernization in retrospect, as pointed out in the essay.
