Abstract：Since China’s political reform slowed down in the late 1990s，China’s political reform position has shifted to the grassroots and the democratic form of villagers autonomy has developed into the vast rural areas. However，under the background of new rural construction， where does the villagers autonomy move on？ Why does villagers autonomy currently slump？ And such a series of questions remain to be answered. As to the development of the villagers autonomy，one view holds that it moves towards rural community autonomy while it’s declining. Another view is that the villagers autonomy doesn’t decline，but lacks effective ways to achieve it. From the latest experience we can find that， the villagers autonomy has been much criticized and stalled because of its oversizescaled governance unit. And to deal with the refinement and sinking of governance unit，small community autonomy is one of the directions for the further development of villagers autonomy. The advantage of small community autonomy is that it provides a new way of solving the difficult problems of public service，public development，social order，social connection and democratic rights which cannot be solved under current conditions of villagers autonomy. Because of the characteristics of small governance unit，such as easy to achieve collective action， closely related interests and effective incentives，small community autonomy can make great achievements in the aspects of villagers’ organization， villagers’ public interests and the establishment of villagers’ public life.
