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华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版)  2024, Vol. 63 Issue (4): 158-168    
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“鉴定—欣赏”:教育评价范式的双重结构及其实现——基于拔尖创新人才培养的思考
罗祖兵 韩雪童
(华中师范大学 教育学院, 湖北 武汉 430079)
“Appraising-Appreciating”: The Dual Structure of Education Evaluation Paradigm and Its Implementation——Thoughts upon the Cultivation of Top-Notch Innovative Talents
Luo Zubing  Han Xuetong
(School of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079)
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摘要 与“全面而有个性的发展”的培养目标相适应,教育评价应当是由“鉴定性评价”和“欣赏性评价”组成的双重结构。鉴定性评价是指对学生素质按照预先设定的指标和标准进行评定,重在发现学生素质的不足,以“补短”推动“全面发展”;欣赏性评价是指根据学生素质发展的实际情况建构指标和标准并据此进行评定,重在发现学生素质的优势,以“扬长”促进“个性发展”。二者各有优劣,既不可彼此取代,亦需要相互补充。当前,“鉴定”几乎成为教育评价的唯一范式,评价改革基本集中于“鉴定”内部的评价内容调整,学生的个性潜质和特殊才能很难有机会被发现,更谈不上培养。为了真正实现学生的全面而有个性的发展,培养出拔尖创新人才,教育评价亟须从鉴定性评价的单一范式结构转向“鉴定—欣赏”性评价的双重范式结构。具体策略包括:确立注重特长的人才观,构建多元录取的考试招生模式,善用彰显个性的评价方法和提供专业且过硬的评价保障等。
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罗祖兵 韩雪童
关键词 鉴定性评价 欣赏性评价 鉴定—欣赏性评价 全面而有个性的发展    
Abstract:In accordance with the cultivating aim of “comprehensive and individualistic” development, education evaluation should be a dual structure consisting of “appraising evaluation” and “appreciating evaluation”. Appraising evaluation refers to the assessment of students' qualities according to predesigned indicators and standards, focusing on discovering students' deficiencies and promoting “all-round development” by “making up for drawbacks”. Appreciating evaluation refers to constructing indicators and standards based on students' actual qualities development and then assessing students accordingly, the focus of which is on discovering students' advantages and fostering “individualistic development” by “promoting their strengths”. Both means of evaluation have their own merits and demerits. They cannot replace but need to complement each other. At present, appraising evaluation almost dominates the whole education evaluation system, and the reform of education evaluation has been basically confined in repairing the “appraising evaluation”, and students' individual potential and special talents have few opportunities to be found and cultivated. In order to fully fulfill the comprehensive and liberal development and cultivate the real top-notch innovative talents, the reform of education evaluation should move towards the transformation in structure from the single paradigm of “appraising evaluation” to the dual paradigm of “appraising-appreciating evaluation”. Specific strategies include: establishing a talent perspective that focuses on specialties,constructing a diversified admission model of examinations and enrollments, making good use of evaluation methods that highlight individuality,and providing professional and solid evaluation guarantees.
Key wordsappraising evaluation    appreciating evaluation    appraising-appreciating evaluation    comprehensive and individualistic development
收稿日期: 2024-07-17     
引用本文:   
罗祖兵 韩雪童. “鉴定—欣赏”:教育评价范式的双重结构及其实现——基于拔尖创新人才培养的思考[J]. 华中师范大学学报(人文社会科学版), 2024, 63(4): 158-168.
Luo Zubing  Han Xuetong. “Appraising-Appreciating”: The Dual Structure of Education Evaluation Paradigm and Its Implementation——Thoughts upon the Cultivation of Top-Notch Innovative Talents. journal1, 2024, 63(4): 158-168.
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https://journal.ccnu.edu.cn/sk/CN/     或     https://journal.ccnu.edu.cn/sk/CN/Y2024/V63/I4/158
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