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| Liang Qi-chao,Zhang Tai-yan,Tan Si-tong and the Modern Cultural Organizations |
| 华中师范大学中国近代史研究所，湖北武汉430079 |
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Abstract After the prohibition of Qiang Xue-hui (Intensified Academic Society), Liang Qi-chao, Zhang Tai-yan and Tan Si-tong respectively wrote articles to propagate "the academic society", in which they analyzed the destiny of academic societies in China, highly appraised their function, and made tentative plans for the establishments and activities in future academic societies. The scholarly researches undertaken in the background of academic societies by them are based on the common national and cultural crisis. Serving the goal of reform and salvation of the nation, they could combine the critique of despotic system with the discussion of shortcomings of current scholarly research. Also they criticized Taoist theory, advocated that the national culture should engage in introspection and emphasized the people's initiative. On the other hand, they held different ideas to the relationship between Confucianism and western learning, Confucianism and Buddhism. They also had divergent attitudes towards the key works and how to deal with the interpersonal relationship inside the academic societies. The article has also expounded through the Chinese academic chain from the Reform Movement to post-May 4th Movement during those two to three decades, the functions and the status of the cultural academic organizations, culture aristocratic families, the regional academic schools, the academy, the cultural organizations, the universities and the research institute, etc. It holds that the academic societies during the Reform Movement period is actually the beginning of cultural organizations in this academic chain.
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Received: 25 May 2004
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