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| On the Identity of the New Army in the Late Qing Dynasty |
| Liu Fang |
| School of Marxism， Jilin University of Finance and Economics， Changchun 130117 |
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Abstract The New Army in the late Qing dynasty was an important product of the Qing government’s learning from the west and self-reliance. As far as the whole country is concerned， the New Army can be divided into two systems： the Beiyang system and the non-Beiyang system. The two systems have consistency in the aspect of identity，but there are great differences between them. In the context of the national crisis in the late Qing dynasty， both the two New Army had the sense of national consciousness， but they had quite different attitudes towards revolutionary identity. Under the control of Yuan Shikai， the Beiyang New Army was greatly influenced by the traditional loyalty culture and had a low degree of recognition of the revolution，while the non-Beiyang New Army， especially the Hubei New Army， was influenced by the nationalist ideas of military students who had studied in Japan， and had a high degree of recognition of the revolution and a low degree of loyalty to the Qing dynasty，which paved the way for the outburst of the 1911 Revolution. The recognition of revolution by the Southern New Army contributed to the independence of the southern provinces， while the loyalty of the Northern New Army changed from the Qing dynasty to Yuan Shikai， and the Northern New Army persuaded the Qing emperor to abdicate in accordance with the will of Yuan Shikai under the pretext of “republic”. The privatization tendency of the Beiyang New Army laid the foundation for the subsequent warlords regimes.
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Received: 26 September 2019
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2019, Vol. 58 
