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| How to Achieve High-Quality Deliberation： Developing the Deliberation System in Elements-Procedures-Rules——Evaluation of Five Rural Community Deliberation Experiments |
| Zhang Dawei |
| (Institute for China Rural Studies， Institute for Advanced Study in Political Science， Central China Normal University， Wuhan 430079) |
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Abstract The new stage of development calls for a new vision of development. To improve the system of democratic consultation at the community level and enhance the effectiveness of community governance， we need to raise the quality of deliberation. Good deliberation standards are constantly evolving， and the second generation gradually moves towards assimilation and consensus on the basis of the expansion of the first generation. Through sorting out five sample cases of deliberation in the first batch of experimental areas of rural community governance in China， this paper finds that the operation of the deliberation process is carried out in the elements， procedures and rules. Based on international theories and local practice， the evaluation index system of deliberation system based on “elements-procedure-rules” can be constructed. In general， a deliberation system composed of three basic elements is required for high-quality deliberation. Firstly， the establishment of a deliberation system contains six elements， including deliberation subject， deliberation place， deliberation entity， communication process， transformation process and implementation process. Secondly， there are eight procedural standards that constitute the deliberation system， generally including the proposal of topics， the determination of topics， the organization of deliberation， the supporting environment， the empowerment of personnel， the communication and dissemination， the supervision of deliberation and the application of results. Thirdly， the rules and standards developed by the nine classical elements in accordance with the regulations of the deliberation system generally include the inclusive expansion of the nine classical indicators such as respect， disempowerment， equality， rationality， consensus， improvement， openness， accountability， and sincerity. This can provide a reference for the upcoming 1000 or so village-level deliberation experiments， as well as comprehensive rural revitalization and improvement of social governance effectiveness through deliberation practice.
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Received: 19 May 2021
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2021, Vol. 60 
