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| People Who Depend on Canal in the Qing Dynasty——On the Influence of Caoyun in the Qing Dynasty on the Livelihood of the Canal People |
| Wu Qi Li Xiang |
| (School of History and Culture， Central China Normal University， Wuhan 430079) |
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Abstract The canal transport of tribute grain (Caoyun，漕运) in the Qing Dynasty year after year brought about complicated issues in grain transportation and huge volumes of goods flow. As a result，all kinds of people gathered on the front line of the rivers to engage in physical， commercial and other service activities. Transporters and sailors were the main labor force in the transport. They depended on the transport and the goods for a living. Trackers and porters maintained the canal boats and used cheap labor to obtain a livelihood； those who dredged ditches and salvaged shipwrecks， and other relief groups lived on water services； merchants，peddlers， included not only the major business groups， but also the traffickers and pawns. Many people “overflowed” from the traditional life order and formed new living communities， relying on canal transport， which greatly propelled the prosperity of the consumption market and business in the canal area. The canal transport in Qing Dynasty greatly affected the livelihood and social life of the people in the canal areas.
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Received: 22 November 2021
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2021, Vol. 60 
