Abstract：In the past 40 years since the reform and opening up， China’s rural areas have carried out two major reforms in rural land management and rural tax and fee system， along with two major changes in rural social governance. If the first wave of change mainly occurs between the “country” and the rural society， the main result of which is “the separation of politics and society” and the formation of the rural governance system of “township government and village self-governance”； then the latter change mainly occurs within the rural society and touches the structure of the rural society itself and its “soul”， which is mainly characterized by “hollowing-out” and “individualization”. The current policy is to introduce the rule of virtue and the rule of law on the basis of villagers’ autonomy， and hopes to build a modern rural social governance system with the leadership of the Party committee， the responsibility of the government， the social coordination， the public participation and the guarantee of the rule of law， through the combination of autonomy，the rule of virtue and the rule of law.
2018, Vol. 57 
