Abstract：Family factors have an important impact on the education of labor force， but few studies focus on family factors' influence on academic performance of school-age children. By using the China Education Panel Survey data provided by the NSRC， constructing research hypothesis based on the resource dilution theory and effect of compatriot competition， this paper applies the method of quasi-experimental of propensity score matching to discuss the influence of family size and sibling structure on educational attainment of school-age children. It indicates that： (1)Chinese families do have a preference for boys，influenced by the dilution of resources， the trend of reverse movement of non-monetary educational investment in human capital and family childbearing intention is reversed； (2)Under the constraints of family credit constraints and budget constraints， the family size has a negative impact on school-age children's educational attainment， the academic achievement of the noe-child family is better than that of the non-one-child family； (3)Influenced by the traditional ideas of boy-preference， the school-age girls who have older or younger brothers will result in a decline in their academic performance； (4)Influenced by the competitive effects of siblings， the girls who have older or younger sisters will result in a decline in their academic performance.
2020, Vol. 59 
