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Abstract Rural vagrant was used as a collective term to address social members who were likely to break social rules and traditions，had no real estate and fixed occupation，and may jeopardize the rural society. Due to their potential harmfulness on the development of the society， rural vagrants had long been taken as a principle renovation target by local governments. Customary law， community opinions and rural restrained resources supervised by rural orthodox authorities played a significant role in relieving the harmfulness of vagrants. Under the condition of tremendous financial pressure and lack of labour in 1940s， a movement transforming “hoodlum” was initiated and mobilized thoroughly in Chinese Communist ResistanceAgainstJapan bases. In the Chinese Communist evaluating system， “hoodlum” is different from rural vagrants. In dynamic collaboration with Chinese Communist， governments in ResistanceAgainstJapan bases employed a variety of rural restrained resources and succeeded in creatively transforming “hoodlum”.
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