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| Individualization and Commercialization： A Study on the Remunerations in the Market of Painting and Calligraphy in the Late Qing Dynasty |
| Tao Xiaojun Liu Zhongxing |
| School of History and Culture， Central China Normal University， Wuhan 430079 |
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Abstract The market of painting and calligraphy in the late Qing Dynasty witnessed a new development opportunity， and the rise of modern publishing paved a convenient way of selling arts for painters and calligraphers. The painters and calligraphers started to expand the commercial market by means of carrying remunerations in mass paper media. The diversity of remuneration advertisements reflects the then painters and calligraphers’ different attitudes towards sales promotion.
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Received: 17 July 2017
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2017, Vol. 56 
