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| On the Policy of Prisoners of War of the United States Federal Government during the Civil War |
| Luo Chao |
| College of History and Culture， Ludong University， Yantai 264025 |
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Abstract The war experience formed the three principles of American policy of prisoners of war， which were reciprocal exchange，moderate retaliation and nonrecognition of the prisoner’s identity of particular combatant groups. These principles worked throughout the handling of prisoners in the Civil War. In the early stage of the Civil War， taking the “Davis event” as an opportunity， President Lincoln was forced to acquiesce in the belligerent identity of the Confederacy， which laid the foundation for the Prisoner General Exchange Cartel signed on July 22， 1863. The “Fort Pillow incident” became an important turning point in federal policy of prisoners of war. Ulysses Grant banned the exchange of prisoners of war due to the defense of the prisoner rights of black soldiers. It was not until the presidential election in November 1864 that the Lincoln administration resumed a special exchange aimed at wounded prisoners of war in order to reduce public pressure and woo voters. As a victim of military and political interests，prisoners of war were used as an important propaganda tool by both sides.
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Received: 21 May 2019
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2019, Vol. 58 
