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| On Zhang Zhidong's Attitude towards Constitutionalism |
| Peng Jian |
| Institute of Modern History， Central China Normal University， Wuhan 430079 |
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Abstract For a long time， scholars thought that Zhang Zhidong had a negative attitude towards constitutionalism. In 1993， Kong Xiangji put forward an opposite view based on two newly discovered historical materials.And Hou Yijie's thesis published in 2016 thought that Zhang Zhidong's attitude towards constitutionalism was negative through re-interpretation of the two historical materials. Mr. Hou's refute on the two historical materials can be reasonable， but the conclusion of Zhang Zhidong holding negative attitude towards constitutionalism should be discussed. When being lobbied about the constitutional issue by Zhang Jian in 1904， there are details showing that Zhang Zhidong held a positive attitude. Since 1905， Zhang Zhidong has had a basic understanding of the constitutional reform， that is to say，a preparatory stage was necessary，which was 12 years after 1905. At the beginning of 1907，Zhang Zhidong put forward a lot of views discussing the reform of the system， but he didn't oppose the constitutional reform. In the nine-year preparatory list published in 1908， although the key content of holding the Congress was deleted， the views of both Zhang Zhidong and others were still respected to some extent. And according to the debate occurring in the Grand Council， Zhang Zhidong urged the opening of the Congress，and his attitude was positive. After the publication of the nine-year list， Zhang Zhidong has been following the list， showing his attitude of steadily promoting the constitutional reform. In short， Zhang Zhidong's attitude towards constitutionalism can be summed up in the terms：steady and positive.
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Received: 26 July 2019
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2019, Vol. 58 
