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| From Cold Treatment to Active Participation： Wang Rongbao’s Political Activities in the Petition Campaign for the Opening of the Qing Parliament |
| Zhang Bo |
| Institute of Modern Chinese History， Central China Normal University， Wuhan 430079 |
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Abstract In the late Qing dynasty， foreign aggressions occurred on the day and revolutionary turmoil arose. Under the recognition that “there is no quick opening of the Congress that could not save China from the dangerous situation”， the wave of parliamentary petition movements was rising constantly to its peak. Affected by this， a group of middle-level Beijing officials， who originally advocated the implementation of constitutional reforms， gradually moved from moderate to radical. Wang Rongbao was a representative figure of the Beijing officials. For the parliamentary petition campaign in the late Qing dynasty， Wang Rongbao’s attitude went from indifferent to active， and finally to passive. The changes in Wang Rongbao’s stance and behavior actually reflected the transformation of that of the middle-level officials within the Qing government. In addition， Wang Rongbao’s activities also reflected the political interaction between local gentry and the officials in the Qing dynasty， as well as the centrifugal tendencies of the middle-level reformist officials within the government.
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Received: 20 September 2018
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2018, Vol. 57 
