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| A Changing State for Changing Environment： The Evolution of the American Environmental Management State |
| Hou Shen |
| School of History， Renmin University of China， Beijing 100872 |
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Abstract The so-called environmental management state suggests that， in order to define the relationship with citizens， society， and other countries， a modern state uses its capital and expertise to adjust or establish a new social and ecological order， through emphasizing the responsibility in its controling and management of nature， resources， as well as pertinent environmental behaviors. Although the United States of America has carried multiple identities in environmental management， the evolution of such a state has roughly experienced three phases， from the nation’s establishment to the era of Progressivism， then to the 1960s， and now it is in the third phase. In this process， the US shifts from the early laissez-faire state to the second phase of building the “American commons”， and to the third phase in which the federal government reinforces its regulative power over its citizens’ behaviors through setting up environmental laws. This article argues that the core driving force behind the transition of phases is not the wishful thinking of a certain or some groups of power， but the changing environment and the consequently changing environmental knowledge.
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Received: 16 April 2020
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2020, Vol. 59 
