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2017 Vol. 56, No. 1
Published: 2017-01-27
1
The Study of Grassroots Social Autonomy
The structure of current grassroots governance has some autonomy space， but no autonomy right，which is a singlecenter (centralized) authoritative order，not a polycentric (decentralized) one. The construction of local social autonomy lies in the following three aspects. Firstly，we need to guarantee the autonomous right by law，which includes defining social autonomy right and clearing the meanings and boundaries between citizens and the state，as well as the autonomous agents from different levels. Secondly，we should constitute a multicenter governing subject，which contains the people from the government，the society and the market. Thirdly，it’s wise to reconstruct the society，and only getting rid of the attachment to the state can the principle of social autonomy be built up. From the perspective of overall grassroots governance，the construction of a power structure system of local social governance has a significance of institutional innovation， which can organize the social interests and maintain the social orders.
2017 Vol. 56 (1): 1-11 [
Abstract
] (
568
)
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180
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12
From Binary Structure to Panoramic Attention
——The Transformation of Traditional Chinese Rural Governance Research Perspective
The research on traditional Chinese rural governance in academic circles is influenced by the paradigm of “nationalgentry” dual structure. On the basis of reanalyzing and examining this paradigm，the paper holds that the analytic logic of “official gentry” can explain the power logic and organizational behavior of traditional rural governance through the essential deconstruction of governance subjects.The tension and role of public opinion in the rural governance can not clearly reveal the inherent logic of the powerright in the traditional rural “governance field”. It is pointed out that there is an urgent need to shift the research perspective from the traditional “nationalgentry” dualistic analysis to the nationalpublicgentry(peoplecentered) multiple dimension. And it believes that， to break through the traditional research paradigm which is only from the static governance subject to deconstruct the limitations of rural governance structure，the introduction of “processevent” analysis strategy from the perspective of dynamic governance mechanism to decode the operation law of the traditional rural governance is needed， and then the transformation of traditional Chinese rural governance research perspective from binary structure to a panoramic view can be achieved.
2017 Vol. 56 (1): 12-19 [
Abstract
] (
512
)
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190
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20
Between Migrating and Staying
：
Why Is There Regional Difference during the Urbanization of Peasants
？——An Empirical Analysis on Data of 20 Provinces in China
The urbanization of peasants is the core and key element of the new urbanization. “Eastern fast，central and western slow” is the salient feature. The analysis of over 20 provinces data shows that there is an obvious positive correlation between the urbanization and three factors， including the government policy，the willingness and ability of peasants. Further regression analysis shows that the willingness and ability of peasants is the key factor resulting in the regional difference of urbanization. In order to speeding up the urbanization process of peasants in the middle and western regions， promote balanced development among different regions， we need to further promote policy coordination between the household registration and land reform，as well as mutual coordination between the willingness and ability of peasants.
2017 Vol. 56 (1): 20-30 [
Abstract
] (
411
)
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(0 KB)
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(1416 KB) (
320
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31
The Sinking of Grassroots Democratic Governance Units——From Villagers Autonomy to Small Community Autonomy
Since China’s political reform slowed down in the late 1990s，China’s political reform position has shifted to the grassroots and the democratic form of villagers autonomy has developed into the vast rural areas. However，under the background of new rural construction， where does the villagers autonomy move on？ Why does villagers autonomy currently slump？ And such a series of questions remain to be answered. As to the development of the villagers autonomy，one view holds that it moves towards rural community autonomy while it’s declining. Another view is that the villagers autonomy doesn’t decline，but lacks effective ways to achieve it. From the latest experience we can find that， the villagers autonomy has been much criticized and stalled because of its oversizescaled governance unit. And to deal with the refinement and sinking of governance unit，small community autonomy is one of the directions for the further development of villagers autonomy. The advantage of small community autonomy is that it provides a new way of solving the difficult problems of public service，public development，social order，social connection and democratic rights which cannot be solved under current conditions of villagers autonomy. Because of the characteristics of small governance unit，such as easy to achieve collective action， closely related interests and effective incentives，small community autonomy can make great achievements in the aspects of villagers’ organization， villagers’ public interests and the establishment of villagers’ public life.
2017 Vol. 56 (1): 31-38 [
Abstract
] (
650
)
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93
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39
Constructing China’s Tax Assignment System according to Requirement of Modern State Governance
As an essential component of intergovernmental public finance system， tax assignment restricts the function of subnational government in public service provision and social administration， and influences the improvement of national governance system and capacity. The examination of tax assignment in traditional theory based on economics analysis ignores participating pluralism of modern state governance， which cannot reflect its own value and guidance role in China's practice of intergovernmental tax assignment. From perspective of state governance， the current tax assignment pattern overlooks the interest of subnational governments， which leads to the expansion of nontax revenue and debt， impedes the efficiency of fiscal funds allocation and accountability of subnational governments， and hampers adjustment of transfer payment structure. The reform orientation of China's tax assignment should be defining the function of subnational tax and transfer payment， matching governments' tax revenue with their expenditure responsibilities， substituting tax rate sharing arrangements for revenue sharing system， improving the stability and predictability of subnational government revenue， ensuring the responsibility of subnational governments and the efficiency of fiscal funds allocation， enhancing social responsibility consciousness and tax compliance level of jurisdictional residents， and reinforcing the transparency， accountability and effectiveness of state governance.
2017 Vol. 56 (1): 39-47 [
Abstract
] (
542
)
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83
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48
The Effect of Perceived Quality of MBA Brand on Role Identity of Professional Manager
Based on social cognitive theory，this paper built a model of the effect of perceived quality of MBA brand on role identity of professional manager，including the mediating effect of selfefficacy and the moderating effect of work values. Results of the hierarchical regression analysis of 238 professional managers in MBA education showed that，perceived quality of MBA brand had a positive effect on role identity of professional manager and selfefficacy partially mediated the relationship between the two； intrinsic value enhanced the positive relationship between selfefficacy and role identity of professional manager，economic value weakened the positive relationship between selfefficacy and role identity of professional manager.
2017 Vol. 56 (1): 48-56 [
Abstract
] (
529
)
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125
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57
Is Society Born with Human Simultaneously？——On the Origin and Essence of Society
On the question of the origin of society， there are four kinds of views in the two factions of anthropology，including the theory of synchronous emergence of society and human and the theory of nonsynchronous emergence of society and human.The first three views are difficult to be set up， only the fourth one which is Zhang Yan's nonsynchronous theory can be proved， but there also exist many deficiencies. If it should be perfectly reasonable， two judgments must be proved： one is that the clan is human society rather than animal groups； the second is that individuals of primitive horde before the clan are real people instead of being formed people. We can prove the first judgment by comparing the population traits of clan and primitive horde； and the second judgment can be confirmed by several relevant facts. Therefore it can be determined that the original society of human is the clan which is not born with human simultaneously but created by people who had existed before the clan. The emergence of society is a great event in human history.
2017 Vol. 56 (1): 57-65 [
Abstract
] (
731
)
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336
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66
The Inquiry on “What Is Not Philosophy”
The relationship between “What is philosophy” and “What is not philosophy” is dialectical unity. Only when people elucidate “What is not philosophy” from the reverse side， can they understand “What is philosophy” from the obverse side. Philosophy， points to the object that which is infinite and ultimate， is not the objective knowledge， so it has no definite conclusion and standard answer. Philosophy is not common sense. It originates from the experience and means more than experience， and finally returns to the experienced life of ordinary people's daily use and serves it. Philosophy is not a technology. As a learning of wisdom， it is a kind of science that freely discusses the common problems. Philosophy is not the petty trick， but the observation and view about the universe and life； therefore， it is a kind of great wisdom， great intelligence， and great consciousness.
2017 Vol. 56 (1): 66-72 [
Abstract
] (
488
)
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107
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73
The Modern Revolution of Science and the Thinking Mode of Chinese Poetry
Science on the basis of natural science knowledge has a great influence on the modern revolution of Chinese poetry.Science has fierce impact on the thinking structure and thinking process of the traditional poetry， which shows up in the following aspects as， focusing from passion to reason in the level of the form of thinking，pursuing from empty to fact in the level of thinking orientation， emphasizing from word thinking to sentence thinking in the level of thinking operation，all of which reveals the modern revolution and transformation of the thinking mode of the ancient poetry and further causes overall changes of poetics， poetic form， poetic language and poetry beauty.
2017 Vol. 56 (1): 73-80 [
Abstract
] (
568
)
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109
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81
New Youth’s Invitation and the Birth of Lu Xun’s Modern Novels
Due to the multiple functions of historical contingency and inevitability， Lu Xun became a modern writer. The invitation by the editor of
New
Youth
played a crucial role in this. Qian Xuantong， the editor of
New
Youth
， changed the magazine’s production mode by inviting Lu Xun to write for them. According to this new procedure，the articles written by the writer inherited the magazine’s cultural position. The articles edited by the editor met the cultural needs of the magazine. And the articles read by the readers embodied the cultural expectations of the magazine. With these concerns，
New
Youth
invited Lu Xun， who was not famous at that time，to write for them. This new mode to develop the magazine changed both Zhou Shuren’s life and New Youth’
s
marginal
status
.
It
also
promoted
the
acknowledgment
and
development
of
all
students
as
acceptable
members
in
the
New
Cultural
Enlightenment
Movement
.
2017 Vol. 56 (1): 81-89 [
Abstract
] (
782
)
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2491
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90
Aesthetic Revolution and the Spirit Moulding of Industrial and Commercial Culture ——The Literary and Cultural History Significance of Shanghai Prose
Shanghai prose is the most representative public prose in modern China. Its prominent feature is to find the beauty，happiness and fun in daily life without seeking the moral essence，which is the development and expansion of the street life outside of the mainstream of literary tradition. The occurrence of Shanghai prose is along with the process of the modernization of Shanghai，which belongs to the spirit moulding of industrial and commercial culture. In certain sense，Shanghai prose reflects the subject consciousness of the metropolis，telling citizen’s life feeling and popular attitude in modern industrial society which is the subjective expression of modern Shanghai city culture. Shanghai prose marks the process of commerce and industry in modern Chinese.
2017 Vol. 56 (1): 90-97 [
Abstract
] (
520
)
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(0 KB)
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(1467 KB) (
109
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98
The Protective Mechanism for Soldiers’ Marriage by the CPC during the AntiJapanese War——A Study Centered on the AntiJapanese Base in Northern China
During the AntiJapanese war，the CPC managed to protect soldiers’ marriage by some hard legal rules as well as the administrative support and media lead of governmental sections in all levels. From the initial propagation of free marriage to the promulgation of protective law for soldiers’ marriage， and then to the further limitation on divorce of AntiJapanese soldiers’ family， all these made a mirror of the delicate resistance and compromise of the CPC， women and soldiers in the matter of divorce. The effort of governmental sections， social organizations and the masses， the improvement of top priority of AntiJapanese policy and the promotion of substitutive cultivation and harvest， along with the deepintothebasiclevel women salvation association and the widely active consolatory delegation， all these reflected the practical appeal and effort of the government， AntiJapanese soldiers’ families and the masses in protecting soldiers’ marriage. In the process， women went out of family by changing their monotonous，traditional role，participated in the construction of the AntiJapanese base and became a fundamental force for AntiJapanese war.The molding of women image and the cultivating of women revolution sense during the AntiJapanese war made it highly accepted that the concept of free marriage must be subject to the faith of fighting against Japanese， making the epoch note that all is for AntiJapanese War.
2017 Vol. 56 (1): 98-110 [
Abstract
] (
535
)
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(2283 KB) (
162
)
111
Taking a Second Look at Chinese Communist’s Transformation of “Hoodlum” during the ResistanceagainstJapan War——From the Perspective of Comparing with Other Political Entities
Rural vagrant was used as a collective term to address social members who were likely to break social rules and traditions，had no real estate and fixed occupation，and may jeopardize the rural society. Due to their potential harmfulness on the development of the society， rural vagrants had long been taken as a principle renovation target by local governments. Customary law， community opinions and rural restrained resources supervised by rural orthodox authorities played a significant role in relieving the harmfulness of vagrants. Under the condition of tremendous financial pressure and lack of labour in 1940s， a movement transforming “hoodlum” was initiated and mobilized thoroughly in Chinese Communist ResistanceAgainstJapan bases. In the Chinese Communist evaluating system， “hoodlum” is different from rural vagrants. In dynamic collaboration with Chinese Communist， governments in ResistanceAgainstJapan bases employed a variety of rural restrained resources and succeeded in creatively transforming “hoodlum”.
2017 Vol. 56 (1): 111-120 [
Abstract
] (
582
)
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(0 KB)
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(2031 KB) (
157
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121
Zheng’s Contest for Social Control of Ting，Zhang，Quan’s Sea Area between the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty
Zheng Zhilong and Zheng Chenggong are the maritime separatist forces since the middle of the Ming Dynasty. Conforming to the situation of the world trade market， they set up their own mountain area five business such as gold， wood， water， fire， land， and the sea area five business such as kindness ，loyalty， manners， wisdom ，trust， there were totally ten firms. They purchased silk， white silk， crepe， medicinal materials， ceramic from Jiangnan and Jiangxi region， to carry out crossborder trade， maritime trade covering Japan， Korea， Ryukyu， Philippines and Indochina Peninsula countries， and a more powerful wholesale， trade， tax， providing protection that flag rental， passenger and other series of business activities had been formed. They also purchased Japanese armor， Japanese knives， arquebuses and Western guns， etc. to arm their own military forces. They annexed or incorporated maritime merchants，pirates and even the military forces，forming their own strong military strength and economic strength， and further confronting the Ming and Qing Dynasties for the control of the waters of Ting，Zhang，Quan regions. The Ming Dynasty had set up the Navy to fight against the pirates，but encountered a strong boycott by the clans then，the effect was very limited. The Qing Dynasty carried out “relocation” policy，gave Zheng’s monopoly at the time of international trade convenience. Zheng’s also organized migrants from Fujian and established their own grain warehouses in Taiwan. All these strengthened Zheng’s strength to a certain extent， and the tug of war between the two sides lasted for a long time. The whole process fully demonstrated the strength of the marine social and economic forces and the efforts and effects of the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the governance of the marine area，at this time between the official and the people of the marine forces still showed mutual consumption and weakening.
2017 Vol. 56 (1): 121-128 [
Abstract
] (
669
)
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(1901 KB) (
114
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129
The Study of Source，Contribution and Limitations of Qian Jibo’s Historical Biography
Qian Jibo has been sticking to the writing of historical biography， leaving millions of words of academic achievements. There are three academic sources for Qian Jibo’s works， such as official records represented by ShiJi，
Han
Yu
and
other
persons
’
inscription
thoughts
，
records
of
distinguishing
characters
in
local
chronicles
.
Qian
Jibo
contributed
a
lot
to
academia
by
connecting
traditional
literary
theory
with
grammar
.
It
is
difficult
to
fully
present
the
whole
process
of
the
historical
events
in
the
writing
of
historical
biography
，
which
Qian
Jibo
’
s
historical
biography
cannot
avoid
.
2017 Vol. 56 (1): 129-135 [
Abstract
] (
435
)
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(0 KB)
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(1264 KB) (
97
)
136
The Orthodox Context and Process of Localization of Sun Bin Worship
The image of Sun Bin who is a famous militarist in the Warring States era， has experienced a transformation from the human to the god. He is worshiped by many people in China for his extraordinary military talents and legends.However， He was quite marginalized in the national sacrificial rites before the Ming Dynasty. The official record about Sun Bin is very brief. Because of this， there left great imagination space for people. Folk religion is not only the reflection of topdown penetration and implementation of national rites， but is the behavior that local elites actively make use of the concept of national unity.The god changing and process of localization about Sun Bin fiefdom's tale of Wacheng Temple in the northern area of Shandong can help us understand the national sacrificial rites tradition and localization.
2017 Vol. 56 (1): 136-143 [
Abstract
] (
512
)
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(0 KB)
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(1839 KB) (
89
)
144
The Contribution and Value of Kant’s “Analytic of the Sublime”
Kant ’s sublime theory had a great influence in his aesthetics and the history of Western aesthetics， the researches of which focused on the superficial aspect of his discourse other than inherent purport； none of them delt with the aesthetic mind of sublime and considered comprehensively the means of Kant’s sublime ideas on aesthetics. In view of these， the paper studies the creativity of Kant’s sublimity in the history of aesthetics， and points out that he integrated sublime into the whole aesthetic thought， breaking through the limitation of the traditional aesthetics to artistic style. It deduces that the sublime in fact refers to the lofty human mind and moral home by inquiring the external form of sublime， further deepening the thought value of it through the whole aesthetics. Then it discusses the main features of aesthetic psychology of the sublime， its impact on the aesthetic psychology school， deepening Kant’s aesthetic study. In addition， this paper puts forward the different trend of Kant’s aesthetics to Hegel’s aesthetic study.
2017 Vol. 56 (1): 144-149 [
Abstract
] (
533
)
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(0 KB)
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(893 KB) (
241
)
150
The Artistic Conception Construction of Furnishings Art in Song Dynasty
This paper，from the perspective of social cultural horizon，first analyzes the causes for the emergence of classicism and the popularity of literati interests in the Song dynasty and their concrete influences on furnishings art design. Furthermore，this paper attempts to discover the enriching cultural origins for the reconstruction of the independent discourse system of “Contemporary Chinese Design” by analyzing the furnitureoriented design and layout in the Song Dynasty against a background of the prosperous Song market economy and penetrating into the design culture contributing to the brilliant achievement of the design art in the Song Dynasty.
2017 Vol. 56 (1): 150-156 [
Abstract
] (
581
)
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(0 KB)
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(39431 KB) (
3512
)
157
Legislative Definition of the Meaning of NotforProfit and Its Implications for the Development of Private Education ——From the Legislation of
Philanthropy
Law
to the Revision of Private Education Promotion Law
China’s original law didn’t clearly define the meaning of notforprofit.
Philanthropy
Law
passed recently firstly provides nonproperty distribution as the legislative standard of notforprofit， which is similar to international practice， i.e. nonprofit distribution. In addition，
Philanthropy
Law
provides a series of protection rules which include the rule for the treatment of the residual properties of the liquidated charitable organization. The rule of reasonable return provided by previous
Private
Education
Promotion
Law
blurred the meaning of notforprofit， which influenced the related institution design and was not good for the development of genuine nonforprofit schools.
Private
Education
Promotion
Law
revised recently complies with the legislative spirit of Philanthropy Law，
pursuing
the
harmony
of
legal
system
，
abandoning
the
rule
of
reasonable
return
，
clearing
the
meaning
of
not
for
profit
，
and
providing
related
protection
rules
.
In
the
end
，
the
revised
law
will
be
helpful
for
the
healthy
development
of
genuine
not
for
profit
schools
.
2017 Vol. 56 (1): 157-164 [
Abstract
] (
419
)
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(0 KB)
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(1068 KB) (
107
)
165
A Collaborative Innovation Mode Research： BioX Case Study of Stanford University
Collaborative innovation is an effective means for interdisciplinary research to enhance innovation capability，and also an important way to serve the national science and technology development strategy and to meet the social needs. BioX program is an collaborative innovation model of interdisciplinary research organization in Stanford University. BioX program has developed knowledge innovation in the process of knowledge production，knowledge dissemination and knowledge transfer through effectively integrating resources oriented to S&T frontier research，conducting a prospective exploration and practice in fields of the management system and operational mechanism of collaborative innovation. This paper refined the collaborative and innovative institutions and mechanisms of BioX program，hoping to provide experience and enlightenment to the collaborative innovation of interdisciplinary research in universities in China.
2017 Vol. 56 (1): 165-173 [
Abstract
] (
776
)
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(0 KB)
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(1337 KB) (
186
)
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