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2018 Vol. 57, No. 3
Published: 2018-05-27
1
New Urbanization towards Balanced Development——An Analysis of Coupling Coordination Model of “Population-Land-Finance”
Yuan Fangcheng Chen Zehua
Currently， Chinese urbanization is in a key stage of rapid development. It is a result of various factors’ mobilization and assemblage， including population as the core factor， land as carrier factor and finance as the guarantee factor. Based on 2006－2016 years’ national and provincial panel data， this paper constructs three models of urbanization from the three elements of population， land and finance， and empirically tests the coupling and coordination degree of urbanization elements in the whole country and the three regions. The results show that there are positive improvements in the degree of coupling and coordination of “Population-Land-Finance” in the East，Middle and West， and there are obvious differences between regions. The coordinated level of urbanization in the whole country and inside a region has gradually narrowed. The factor of population will gradually replace the land elements to become the leading factor of the new urbanization， and the financial elements play a supportive role during the transition period. Therefore， we should take fiscal factors as a breakthrough for transformation， curb the rapid expansion of the land elements， improve the quality and level of human urbanization， and promote the linkage reform and policy coordination of “Population-Land-Finance” system as a new development idea for optimizing the regulation of new urbanization.
2018 Vol. 57 (3): 1-16 [
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17
Reengineering of Emotional Connection： The Two-way Historical Transformation of Household and Rural Governance
Huang Huixiang
Since the Qin and Han dynasties， China has formed a household system that integrates production and consumption with “one household” as its unit. As the basic unit of village society，every household not only defines the governance style and governance performance of rural grassroots， but also is influenced and shaped by village governance in turn. The effective governance of rural grassroots society depends on the effective connection of “village—household”， and also depends on the stability and harmony of the households themselves. According to the research，“family” is introverted and contains the stability factor in the household； “household” is extroverted and exists as social governance unit. The traditional Chinese is a society with “homogeneity of the family and the nation”，the rural villages on the basis of clan blood generated cultural connection with squire as the link，the internal order of households and the stability of the “village—household” connection mechanism depend on the traditional family concept and patriarchal system. Since the 20th century in the sinking process of the state power， after the long period of chaos and grope，a relatively stable mechanism of organizational connection mechanism was finally established in the commune period， households relied on political power and the already weakened patriarchal system to maintain its stability. In the era of post-collectivization，state power stepped down from the rural society and the dying patriarchal system was finally smashed by the wave of market-oriented，the “village—household” connection mechanism pushed by the country from top to bottom—villager autonomy—always failed to take root in rural society， while the households themselves have been constantly experiencing problems because of their loss of traditional stabilizers—patriarchal system. Through the discussion of family positioning and family nature in the new period， this paper believes that the direction of solving current family problems should be to stabilize and harmonize the family by emotion，strengthen the emotional interaction between family members， make family members join into a syntheses of unified and indivisible， forming a healthy and balanced state of emotional connection.
2018 Vol. 57 (3): 17-30 [
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31
The Voluntary Cooperation of Local Governments in the Governance of American Metropolitan Areas： How Dose It Occur？ How to Continue？
Xu Zengyang Yu Lang
In recent years， with the development of economy and society， the process of urbanization in our country has been accelerating， the scale of cities has continued to expand， and the level of urbanization has continued to increase. The agglomeration effect of urban agglomerations has become prominent， and regional development has become a trend. How to effectively integrate regional resources across administrative boundaries and connect actors in a region is a major challenge for regional governance. The United States is a highly urbanized country with world-class urban agglomerations. It has accumulated sufficient practical experience in the governance of metropolitan areas and has formed effective institutional arrangements. Under the special political background of “home-rule”， the US local governments have formed an effective inter-government voluntary cooperation mechanism through intergovernmental agreements and the formation of regional self-organization. Through a series of institutional arrangements， the transaction costs and transaction risks faced in the cooperation process have been reduced， and the stable and continuous cooperation has been promoted， thereby realizing effective governance of metropolitan areas.
2018 Vol. 57 (3): 31-39 [
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40
On the Administrative Coordination in the Cross-boundary Governance of Public Affairs： Based on the Case Comparison
Rao Changlin Huang Zuhai
Coordination is the key of cross-boundary governance. This article compares the case of Shenzhen-Huizhou and the case of Taibei-Jilong from four dimensions： initial conditions， coordinate subject， coordinate mechanism and outcomes. Institutional environment， interdependence and the history of cooperation or conflict would affect the process of administrative coordination， then would affect the outcomes. There are three important things for administrative coordination of cross-boundary governance： government leading role， facilitative leadership and citizen participation.
2018 Vol. 57 (3): 40-48 [
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49
The Logic of Public Participation in Environmental Governance in China： Theory， Practice and Pattern
Tu Zhengge Deng Hui Gan Tianqi
People’s mastership is the constitutional right granted to citizens. The construction of “Wild China” constantly improves the effectiveness of environmental governance. The changes in philosophy and technology make public participation in environmental governance with great concern. The tension of public participation gradually breaks the limitation of from-top-to-bottom governance mechanism and innovates the environmental governance pattern. Differing from the negotiating participation of European countries， the public participation in environmental governance in China has its own connotation under the unique social background. At the macro level， the demand for public participation in environmental governance has risen sharply in the past 20 years in China. The public has gradually shifted from “environmental concern” to “environmental action.” The rise of the public is breaking the power pattern of environmental protection. At the microcosmic level， the content expansion and channel expansion of public participation has accelerated the speed and effectiveness of environmental governance， shifted the governance path from symbol participation to scientific participation， public education level and government’s determination to govern are the two key factors of public participation. Scientific and effective public participation provides a new way of thinking about the comprehensive management of the environment. Systematically analyzing the mechanism of public participation provides a theoretical basis for the “tripartite communism” in the environment. What’s more， it provides a operation scheme for the theory that “Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets.”
2018 Vol. 57 (3): 49-61 [
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62
Marxist Housing Theory and Its Development and Innovation in China
Chen Lizhong Yu Xiaofen Chen Yongwei
The paper attempts to find historical answers and realistic responses to housing problems with the complex and diverse background in China. At the early days of the industrial revolution in Germany， a large number of rural labor force entered into cities such as Berlin which led to severe housing shortage.Engels argued from the nature of the housing， living difficulties， inequality， housing supply and the capital logic of housing problem and so on which laid the foundation of Marxist housing theory. Although there are difference in background， cause and performance between China and Germany， we can still find the enlightenment from the above argument.
2018 Vol. 57 (3): 62-71 [
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72
On the Creative Transformation and Innovative Development of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Cultural Industry
Huang Yonglin Ji Mingming
The creative transformation and innovative development of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) resources refers to exploiting the potential social and economic values by innovatively transforming original and creative ideas，which can promote the development of cultural industry. It includes the following main ways： First， productive projects in ICH can be directly used to develop cultural industry creatively； Second， cultural elements of ICH can fully be utilized to produce cultural products； Third， facing the modern social life， market economy and technology development， it will be necessary to protect and develop ICH creatively. Through transforming Chinese excellent cultural resources of ICH to industrial resources， it will fulfill the everlasting spread of ICH and rapid development of cultural industry.
2018 Vol. 57 (3): 72-80 [
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81
Research on the Total Factor Productivity of the Public Library Industry in China——Analysis of DEA-malmquist Model Based on Provincial Panel Data
Fu Caiwu Zhang Weifeng
Based on the DEA-malmquist model， this paper conducts an empirical study on the total factor productivity of public libraries in China by using the provincial panel data from 2011 to 2016. It is found that： the obvious progress of technology is the source of promoting the total factor productivity of public libraries to increase year by year； the continuous deterioration of efficiency led to a gradual slowdown in the growth rate of total factor productivity of public libraries； the total factor productivity of public libraries shows obvious regional differences， with the best in the east， the superior in the central and the poor in the west. This result reflects that in the current public library industry in China， technological progress has promoted the growth of total factor productivity， and the decline in efficiency has impeded the growth of total factor productivity， and the differences in total factor productivity among the eastern， central and western regions do not match the national fiscal policies. The policy significance behind this is to further give play to the advantages of technology， establish and improve a policy system that promotes technological progress； the traditional “input driven model” that drives business development by increasing public investment has gradually become incompatible with the reality and must be turned to“management innovation driven model”； to establish a financial investment performance evaluation and restraint mechanism， promote financial cultural management reform.
2018 Vol. 57 (3): 81-89 [
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A Study on “Intentional” or “Unintentional”and Their Significance in Aesthetic History
Chen Jun
Actually， “Unintentional” and “Intentional” are two classical Chinese aesthetic categories， which have not yet fully studied. “Intention” is used as the medium derived from “Doing something” and “Doing nothing”， which are the philosophical categories of Laozi and Zhuangzi. The qualitative change， sublimated from “Doing something” to level of “Doing nothing”， is the symptom state of “last resort”. “Being unintentionally” and “Writing unintentionally” should be reconsidered in the context of literary consciousness and independence. Taking the independence of literature as the boundary of “Unintentional writing” and “Intentional writing”， triggers “the distinction of high or low quality between ancient and modern literature” and leads to the formation of a wealth of literary creation theories， which delivers an appeal for the creation the literary theory about “Unintentional” and “Intentional”. There are many literary conceptions that focus on the aesthetic creation and aesthetic criticism， all of which present the connotation integration of “Intentional” and “Unintentional”.
2018 Vol. 57 (3): 90-106 [
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107
Revolution， Literal Meaning and Pragmatic Theory：On Chen Duxiu’s Marxism Literary Criticism Theory
Wei Tianwu
As a Marxism revolutionist， Chen Duxiu， in his literary criticism， accepts the influence from Marxism， which means he requires that literature should be close to the reality as much as possible to exert its realistic and critical function. Meanwhile， he also adheres to his own idea that literature is for nothing but itself， trying to find an appropriate bounding point to balance literature and politics. Actually， his “literary revolution theory” and “literal meaning theory” are integrated as a whole. The former concept prefers to “reality” rather than “fantasy”， while the latter one refers to “the unification between words and expressions”， which means “to express meaning by describing the objects”. Only through this can the old view of literature—“writings are for conveying moralities”—be abandoned. Besides， Chen’s “literal meaning theory” equals not to “literary self-sufficiency”， but to “literary pragmatic theory”. The emphasis on “literal meaning” aims to liberate writing from imitating ancient works and plagiarizing cliche expressions， so that literary works can embrace the reality and move the readers. In general， Chen attaches great importance to writing realistically， focuses on the pragmatic function of literature to inspire people and change the world， taking the attribute of literature into consideration simultaneously. These literary views are in accordance with Marxism literature criticism theory.
2018 Vol. 57 (3): 107-114 [
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115
The Relationship between Medicine and Politics Reflected in the Daily Life of a Late Ming Healer
Fong Yurong
This article tries to reveal the close connection between culture and politics by Confucian physician Miao Xiyong’s daily life in the Yangtze River in the late Ming Dynasty. Miao Xiyong practiced medicine by learning Confucian and medical classics. Although not active in politics， he was unintentionally involved in political agitation in late Ming Dynasty due to his close relationship with patients and his medical inheritance. In the book DonglinDianjianglu， edited by eunuchs during the reign of the Tianqi Emperor(1605－1627)， he was called “Divine Physician An Daoquan”. He was also deemed as the first rate doctor who may heal the disease of society by Qian Qianyi in the preface of a medical book written for him. Therefore， to the people who appreciated him， Miao was unearthly unique and free from vulgarity. They also thought he was a Confucian， physician and swordsman who was actually an intellectual commoner. Miu Xiyong acted like a first rate physician and wanted to heal the disease of society in his daily medical life. However， he also called himself “retired scholar of Juexiu” and “drifting people of Haiyu”， which showed discrepancy of his will of salvation and powerlessness to accomplish it. By observing his way of practicing medicine and dealing things， we can get a glimpse of physicians’ social involvement and the political ecology of that time.
2018 Vol. 57 (3): 115-126 [
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127
Legacies of a Medical Master： Books，Professional Network， and the Spread of Li Gao’s Medical Doctrine from the 12th to 14th Century
Liu Xiaomeng
This paper explores the “medical schools” and patterns of knowledge transmission from the 12th to 14th century China， a crucial period witnessing the major innovations in medical theory and the transformation of social identity within the community of elite physicians. Li Gao was one of the most important medical masters in this period whose medical thought had greatly influenced the development of medical theory in Late Imperial China. By focusing on the transmission and spread of Li Gao’s medical doctrine within the medical community in Lower Yangtze Region， this research challenges the conventional historical narratives about the “medical schools”， master-disciple lines， and their significance in the transmission of knowledge in this period. By tracing the publishing history of Li Gao’s work and its accessibility， this paper argues that the professional network in Lower Yangtze Region had fostered an interconnected community within which the medical knowledge and limited resource of books were shared and spread. This knowledge-sharing network made the clear-cut mater-disciple lines unfavored and gradually led to the medical eclecticism after 15th century.
2018 Vol. 57 (3): 127-139 [
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140
From the Legendary Parade Ground to Chinese Cultural Landmark
Mei Li Song Xiangyang
Legend has it that Yueyang Tower was originally constructed by General Lu Su of the Wu Kingdom during the Three Kingdoms Period， designed as the Call-Officers-Roll Platform. It became an attractive place for many scholarly visitors and civilians with literary background in the Tang Dynasty. Then，it became more and more famous in the Song Dynasty for its renovation organized by Teng Zijing，the essay Memorial to Yueyang Tower and a legend describing Immortal Lü Dongbin. With its long history， rich cultural accumulation and unique cultural connotation， it is listed as one of the Three Great Towers in the south of the Yangtze River，the other two being Yellow Crane Pavilion and Pavilion of Prince Teng. For more than one thousand years，Yueyang Tower has played the function of “Pointing out the scenery” and “Viewing” along the Yangtze River though it was destroyed and rebuilt repeatedly. Since the Tang Dynasty，it has been not only the landmark of Yueyang city，but also the symbol of Dongting Lake. With the widely-read of Memorial to Yueyang Tower，written by Fan Zhongyan，“grieve first and rejoice afterwards” became the soul of Yueyang Tower. From then on，it began to change from the regional culture code to Chinese cultural symbol， and finally became a spiritual symbol of the Chinese nation.
2018 Vol. 57 (3): 140-149 [
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150
Ptolemy I and the Rush of Immigrants in Egypt
Dai Xin
It was believed that，as Alexander the Great conquered the East， the tide of Greek immigrants rose in Egypt naturally， and reached its peak in the third century B. C.. However， it was the frequent wars between the Hellenistic kingdoms which caused the golden age of immigrants， and in Egypt， Ptolemy I toke positive strategy to attract the immigrants for the sake of his ambition. Although， Ptolemy was crowned as Pharaoh， the king laid particularly stress on the inheritance of Greek culture， made Alexandria a cultural center of the Greeks. The king established Greek settlements throughout Egypt， embedded Greek cities， and deployed garrisons， led the immigrants to settle down in hinterland of Egypt. In Greek cities， Ptolemy divided the immigrants and natives into ranks， awarded the polite economic privileges and independent legal status， made city life and privilege of citizenship his important bargaining chips in recruitment of overseas soldiers. Ptolemy’s immigration policies succeed greatly， large amount of Greek immigrants rushed in， which guaranteed manpower and made Ptolemy Dynasty the leading power in East Mediterranean for about half a century， and Greek culture flourished in Egypt as well.
2018 Vol. 57 (3): 150-158 [
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519
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159
A Quest on the Earliest Establishment of the Preschool Education Research Association
Yu Benfa Zhao Yan
According to Zhang Zonglin， the “Nanjing Preschool Education Association”， which founded by Chen Heqin in about 1972，was “the earliest one in the history of Chinese preschool education”. But that’s not the case. Before it was founded， there had existed five similar institutes. They were Shanghai Preschool Education Research Association (founded in January， 1926)， Preschool Education Research Unit of Peking University Education Society (founded in December,1925)， Preschool Education Unit of the Chinese Educational Reform Society (founded in August， 1923)， Preschool Education Research Association of Beijing Women’s Education Institute (founded in April,1919) and Preschool Education Research Association of the Jiangsu Province Education Society (founded in August,1916). These five institutions can be regarded as the scaffolds in the history of preschool education organizations during the early period of the Republic of China. The fact that the initiative one in Chinese educational history is undoubtedly Preschool Education Research Association of the Jiangsu Province Education Society.
2018 Vol. 57 (3): 159-167 [
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168
The Causality Evaluation Method on Public Policies and Programs and Its Application
Hu Yongmei Tang Yipeng
Policy evaluation based on causal inference models has been paid increasing attention by scholars from home and abroad， a revolution of credibility in empirical research is taking place. This article explores the concept of causal effect in detail， reviews the main assumptions that causal inference should be complied with， and analyzes the impacts that the key technical problem of omitted variable bias brings to causal inference and the possible solutions. On this basis， this article borrows from recent development in related empirical research， illustrates the basics of some typical econometric methods such as Instrumental Variables， Difference in Difference， Matching， Discontinuity Regression， and their applications in policy and program evaluations. In the future， it would be an important mission for social scientists to identify policy or program effects by scientific research design， the research on causal inference would also be broken through， so as to provide policy and program evaluation with more rigid and feasible references.
2018 Vol. 57 (3): 168-181 [
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182
Minority Student Admission Policy in Public Higher Education Institutions of United States： Historical Evolution and Consideration——Taking the University of Texas as an Example
Shen Suping Wang Jun
Analysis on historical evolution of minority student admission policy， taking typical public university as case study target， would further observe the development process of equality concept on higher education admission in United States. University of Texas， with multiple involvement in significant lawsuits on right to education in U.S higher education history， bears the representation. On the basis of textual analysis to historical archives， academic literatures， judicial decisions and media reports， development of minority student admission policy in University of Texas can be divided into five stages， which respectively carry distinct contextual characters with perspective of policy evolution and legal jurisprudence. The research concludes that， with focus on promoting equality of access， higher education in U.S. gradually highlights attention on purpose & result， pursuing substantive equality， appreciating process-orientation and improving educational judicial system. The development of equality concept provides valuable reference to higher education admission policy reform in China.
2018 Vol. 57 (3): 182-189 [
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