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2020 Vol. 59, No. 4 Published: 2020-07-27

	22	Nature of Property Right， Economic Development and Village Democracy——A Holistic Interpretation of Coopetition of Triadic Logic
		Jiang Hongjun　　Zhang Dong
		The modernization of rural grassroots governance in China depends on the effective operation of villagers’ autonomy， the core of which lies in the development of high-quality village democracy. Based on the village sample of CLDS 2014 and the unique ownership structure of the village， this paper examines the impacts of economic development on four major types of democracy at village level. The results show that， the average annual income of village households and non-agricultural employment ratio have significant and negative impacts on democratic elections. Meanwhile， the average annual income of village households， non-agricultural employment ratio， village collective income， and village collective expenditure have significant and positive impacts on villages’ democratic management and supervision. These reveal that economic development with different nature of property rights has a differentiation effect on village democracy. Private interest-oriented economic development at village level is negatively related to democratic elections. All dimensions of economic development are not related to democratic decision-making， but positively related to democratic management and supervision. As a result， in village societies with different ownership structures， the coopetition of social integration logic， individual rights logic and collective action logic will determine the impact of economic development on different aspects of village democracy. In the future， rural governance should take advantage of the unique advantages of rural ownership structure， and focus on collective economic development and public engineering construction in order to strengthen the public interest of villages. Besides， rural governance should respond to villagers’ demand for democratic management and supervision， and deepen the connection between democracy and governance by means of consultative democracy and other forms. Consequently， the plight of village governance with high transparency and low democracy will be resolved.
		2020 Vol. 59 (4): 22-33 [Abstract] ( 539 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1477 KB) ( 356 )

	34	The Reality and Prospect of the Reform of Marketing Rural Collective Land for Development Purposes——Based on the Perspective of Land Development Rights
		Wei Lai　　Huang Xiangxiang
		Land development rights have the dual value of experience and theory. It is not only a concept of rights and institutional choice， but also an analytical concept or even a research framework. In the process of analyzing the pilot reform of rural collective land for development purposes，land development rights have strong applicability and explanatory power， which helps realize the transformation of research content and the expansion of research vision in current practical and academic context. Taking the four-dimensional analysis framework of land development rights as the main axis， this paper finds that，China has achieved initial results in some aspects including the establishment of market， the positioning of the main body， the division of revenue and the role played by efficiency， but some difficulties still remain. In the future， the reform should trend to improve the urban and rural unified market， clearly define the positioning of the main body of marketing， optimize the distribution of value-added income and ensure the development of land efficiency， which is also the inherent requirement of land development rights.
		2020 Vol. 59 (4): 34-42 [Abstract] ( 636 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1402 KB) ( 369 )

	43	The Condition and Strategy of Innovation Policy of Hong Kong and Shenzhen in the Greater Bay Area： A Perspective from Innovation Ecosystem
		You Dingyi,　　Li Chelan Linda
		To formulate policies on the development of the international scientific innovation center in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA)， it is critical to view the GBA as an innovation ecosystem. This paper examines the innovation policies of Hong Kong and Shenzhen from the perspective of innovation ecosystem. To explore the pathways to the policy design， it has assessed 168 policy documents with 955 units of analysis with the framework of “policy instruments”. The analysis suggests that the institutional heterogeneity and cultural diversity under “one country， two systems” constitute the unique advantage of the Hong Kong-Shenzhen innovation ecosystem， through expediting its evolution and fostering more “breakthroughs”. Actualising the full potential requires Hong Kong and Shenzhen to take a mode of “symbiosis， competition and cooperation” in their interactions， strengthen a sense of co-ownership in formulating and implementing demand-side policies， and optimize institutional factors in the system. Meanwhile， it is important to facilitate the flow of material， information， and energy on the basis of respecting differences.
		2020 Vol. 59 (4): 43-52 [Abstract] ( 634 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1422 KB) ( 385 )

	53	Public Participation in Science-oriented Public Policy： Logic， Representation and Mechanism
		He Zhiwu　　Lyu Yongfeng
		Public participation is the foundation to ensure the authority and scientificity of public policies， but there are different spaces and methods for public participation in different types of public policies. In science-oriented public policy， government officials and experts from the official think tank constitute the main subject of decision-making， while some individuals of the public can obtain the discourse space to participate in decision-making because of their expertise in related fields. Their professional opinions and the diversity of the public’s value pursuit can promote the scientificity of decision-making，and highlight the necessity of public participation. This paper reveals the logic， representation and mechanism of public participation in science-oriented public policy. Taking the Nuclear Security Law as an example， it deeply analyzes the implementation model of the process of public participation on the Internet. For science-oriented public policy， public participation takes public interest as its internal motive force， knowledge empowerment as its practical logic， network public opinion as its representation and assistant participation as its action mechanism， so as to ensure the scientificity of decision-making.
		2020 Vol. 59 (4): 53-59 [Abstract] ( 521 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1116 KB) ( 294 )

	60	A Study on Villagers’ Autonomy Path to the Paid Use of Rural Homestead
		Liu Shenghuan　　Yang Yanchi
		Based on the historical experience and experimental results of paid use of rural homestead， this paper focuses on the villagers’ autonomy path to the paid use of rural homestead. The study takes into account various rights of the “Three Rights Separation” of the homestead， analyzes the common interests of the villagers and the key nodes of paid use. In the process of implementation， it is important to cultivate villagers’ participation initiative， to build a standardized， orderly and dynamic system and rules of villagers’ autonomy， so the key problems like rights and benefits will be effectively solved.
		2020 Vol. 59 (4): 60-67 [Abstract] ( 337 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1225 KB) ( 512 )

	68	Performance Evaluation of Government Budget and Its Influencing Factors——An Empirical Analysis Based on Public Value Theory
		Shan Xueyan
		From the perspective of public value theory， this paper conducts an empirical analysis on government budget performance evaluation and its influencing factors based on provincial panel data. The results show that the budget performance of most provinces has been improved year by year to varying degrees， but the overall situation still needs to be improved， and there are certain regional differences. Under static panel conditions， mission management (cumulative years of reform)， political management (budget supervision capability of People’s Congress and budget transparency)， and operation management (budget comprehensiveness and budget normalization) all have significant and positive effects on government budget performance. System GMM estimate also confirms the role of public value management in promoting government budget performance， but the positive relationship of budget supervision capability of People’s Congress and budget normalization is not prominent. In addition， the budgetary environment， such as marketization degree and corruption， is also influencing the government budget performance. The conclusion of the study provides some reference points for macroscopically grasping government budget performance， diagnosing its influencing factors， and strengthening public value management to deepen government budget reform.
		2020 Vol. 59 (4): 68-77 [Abstract] ( 620 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1467 KB) ( 421 )

	78	The Construction of Urban Intangible Cultural Heritage Inheritance Scenes Index in China and Its Empirical Research
		Chen Bo　　Zhao Run
		Based on the scene theory and China’s national conditions， this paper explores and constructs a comprehensive evaluation index system for the scene of intangible cultural heritage inheritance in China. This system includes 5 categories of urban intangible cultural heritage inheritance scenes and 31 indicators. On the basis of the scene theory indicator system， the research gives the evaluation on the development level of urban intangible cultural heritage inheritance scenes of 19 major cities in China. It finds out that the comprehensive index of each city shows a large gap， and the eastern region is significantly better than the central and western regions. After cluster analysis， it finds that the scene structure has both differences and common characteristics. There is a clear correlation between the five major indexes， but unlike the West， they are still weak in terms of activities and values in Chinese cities. This study closely follows the concept and connotation of the scene theory， which is practical and malleable. It can not only judge the advantages and structural characteristics of the inheritance of China’s urban intangible cultural heritage according to the evaluation results， but also further analyze the relationship with urban politics， economy and talents， so as to improve the theory of urban cultural growth in China.
		2020 Vol. 59 (4): 78-86 [Abstract] ( 609 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1359 KB) ( 1432 )

	87	Research on Innovation Efficiency of Cultural Products Driven by Data Empowerment——Empirical Test Based on China’s Provincial Panel Data
		Liu Jing　　 Hui Ning
		In the era of big data， cultural product innovation， as the core of cultural industry development， has increasingly become an important driving force for cultural economy and regional prosperity.This paper calculates the comprehensive productivity， the pure technical efficiency and the scale productivity of cultural industry in 31 provinces and municipalities of China from 2008 to 2017 by DEA method， and then conducts an empirical test on the innovation efficiency of cultural products driven by data empowerment through provincial panel data.The results show that in the past ten years， the comprehensive productivity of cultural industry in all provinces and municipalities of China has been on the rise，but the provincial heterogeneity and periodicity are obvious，and it presents the trend of transformation from technology effect to scale effect.Data empowerment has positive driving effect on the improvement of cultural product innovation efficiency，but there are still differences among provinces.The internal mechanism is that the provincial production factors and digital technology change the regional cultural industry chain，thus affect the innovation efficiency of Chinese cultural products.The results of this research have both theoretical and practical significance for accelerating the integration of big data and cultural products，promoting the digital balance of provincial cultural products and establishing the production system of high-quality cultural products.
		2020 Vol. 59 (4): 87-97 [Abstract] ( 539 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1715 KB) ( 499 )

	98	Lu Xun and the Han Dynasty Portraits
		Xu Zuhua
		Lu Xun’s life has inextricably been bound with the Han Dynasty portraits. From 1913 to the last period of his life，Lu Xun not only collected thousands of rubbings of the Han Dynasty portraits，but also sorted them up. Although he was not able to publish his collection of the portraits that he had carefully sorted up throughout all his life， he accumulated the knowledge about the portraits during his activities of collecting and arranging， which had a direct impact on his literary creation. The reasons that Lu Xun collected and arranged the Han Dynasty portraits so attentively include not only his own artistic interest but also his two other purposes. On the one hand， as an outstanding art of China， the Han Dynasty portraits had been overlooked in the Chinese society；on the other hand， the collecting and arranging of the portraits can provide reference for the construction of modern Chinese woodcut art. Lu Xun’s collecting and arranging of portraits of the Han Dynasty， is a manifestation of his efforts to promote and develop the traditional Chinese culture. The knowledge of the Han Dynasty portraits accumulated by Lu Xun includes three parts： external knowledge， internal knowledge and theoretical knowledge. The external knowledge mainly refers to the knowledge about the distribution areas of the Han Dynasty portraits and the background knowledge of the Han Dynasty portraits. The internal knowledge refers to the knowledge about life experience， characters， events reflected by the portraits， as well as their classification. The theoretical knowledge consists of various viewpoints of the study of the portraits such as the theme，style，achievements and so on.
		2020 Vol. 59 (4): 98-110 [Abstract] ( 579 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2076 KB) ( 190 )

	111	Dialect，Right and Memory：On the Linguistic Autonomy Exploration of Li Rui， Han Shaogong and Yan Lianke since the 1980s
		Liu Jincai
		Since the 1980s， Chinese contemporary writers have gradually got rid of the discipline and interference of political ideological discourse on literature and returned to the aesthetic appreciation of language itself， making literary language return from collective carnival to individual experience， and elevating language to the ontological level of literature. Li Rui rediscovered the status of the spoken language， making the spoken language of peasants and the written language of the intellectual elite obtain the same written status， so as to eliminate the phenomenon of self-colonization of language. Han Shaogong was almost obsessed in his pursuit of the cultural meaning of language and he excavated the distant historical and cultural memory covered by grand narrative in the archaeology of dialect vocabulary. Yan Lianke constantly made self-breakthroughs and innovations in language. The authentic dialect in his novel revealed the authentic life state and revivified the memory of the people. They have developed their own distinctive ways of language autonomy by improving the rights of regional dialect and daily spoken language in their local space narration.
		2020 Vol. 59 (4): 111-122 [Abstract] ( 532 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2381 KB) ( 481 )

	123	Gender or Times——What’s Hidden in The Story of the Golden Cangue
		Song Shengquan
		The studies of The Story of the Golden Cangue always tend to interpret the representation of male and female problems. The word “times” is the key word to understand Zhang Ailing’s deep consciousness. In Zhang Ailing’s “Own Article”， the word “times” appears 15 times，indicating her defense. The Story of the Golden Cangue is a typical text in which Zhang Ailing expresses the nightmare of the times based on the problems of gender， whose writing force is largely derived from Zhang Ailing’s overcoming of psychological crisis under the shadow of family. The setting of a thorough character can be regarded as Zhang Ailing’s illustration of Qiqiao’s image. Zhang Ailing has a strong sense of eschatology in her consciousness of the times，shown by her writing of the declining mortal world.
		2020 Vol. 59 (4): 123-132 [Abstract] ( 756 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2046 KB) ( 501 )

	133	The Re-evaluation of the Fiscal Extractive Capacity during the Early Period of the Nanjing National Government(1927—1936)
		Jiao Jianhua
		This paper re-evaluates the fiscal extractive capacity of the Nanjing National Government. Previous researches consider that the fiscal extractive capacity of the Nanjing National Government was relatively poor. But this point is biased and over-simplified. Through re-evaluation of the fiscal extractive capacity during the early period of Nanjing National government， this paper reveals that the Nanjing National Government made great progress， its gross fiscal revenue grew rapidly， and the fiscal extractive capacity improved steadily. Compared with the Great Britain， the United States， and Japan， the fiscal extractive capacity of the Nanjing National Government appeared to be much weaker in the same period， but only slightly lower than the same development stage of the counterparts. The main reason behind its poor fiscal extractive capacity was the ever-expanding fiscal expenditures， driven by the expansion of the government power over public affairs and the transformation of government functions during the process of modernization.
		2020 Vol. 59 (4): 133-143 [Abstract] ( 475 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1591 KB) ( 195 )

	144	Research on the Relationship between Zhang (Zhidong) and Sheng (Xuanhuai) when Hanyang Iron Works Run Privately
		Zhou Jiming　　Xu Chao
		In 1896(the 22nd year of Emperor Guangxu)， the Hanyang Iron Works was transferred to Sheng Xuanhuai’s business because of the “exhaustion of expenditure”. However， although Zhang Zhidong withdrew from the Hanyang Iron Works， he did not stay out of the Hanyang Iron Works. He spared no effort to support such important matters as granting duty-free policy， marketing， and the opening of the fuel pipeline. The reason for this is that Zhang Zhidong was the Governor of Huguang， who was responsible for recovering the large sums of money invested in the government-run iron works by the imperial court. At the same time， the Hanyang Iron Works was the first industrial of its kind when Zhang Zhidong “served as the governor of the Hubei Province for decades”， and the effectiveness of the Hanyang Iron Works was closely related to the provincial development as well as the glory of Zhang Zhidong. Therefore， Zhang Zhidong and Sheng Xuanhuai had the common goals and cooperated on running Hanyang Iron Works. However， as a magistrate， Zhang Zhidong had to bear in mind the rights and interests of Hubei Province and the state，while Sheng Xuanhuai was a merchant and focused on real profit. The two men thus showed different positions and disagreements in the sale of ore to Japan， the purchase of mines， and the borrowing of money from Japan by the Hanyang Iron Works. This relationship of mutual solidarity and mutual support， with their respective intentions and interests in play， has a profound influence not merely on the direction and destiny of Hanyang Iron Works but also on China’s modern iron and steel industry and even on the economic pattern of modern China.
		2020 Vol. 59 (4): 144-157 [Abstract] ( 814 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2353 KB) ( 440 )

	158	Re-exploration of the Theory of Social Mobility of Disadvantaged Groups ——Focusing on the Academic Process and Its Social-cultural Factors
		Liu Qian　　Chen Yingjun
		The social mobility of disadvantaged groups is not special for individuals， it can be explored as a social fact. Education is always considered as a key factor in upward social mobility. Due to the ambiguity of the concepts of education and social mobility， the discussion on whether social mobility could be achieved through education，becomes vague as well. This research sharpens the concept of “education” to “academic process”. In this context， “social mobility” refers to the children of disadvantaged groups breaking through social class restrictions and achieving excellent academic performance. Taking the academic process of migrant children of contemporary China as an example， this paper theoretically discusses the current social-cultural factors contributing academic excellence for students from relatively disadvantaged groups. There are four proposed dimensions， including educational aspirations， examination mechanisms， family resources， and scientific and technological force. They are embedded in the daily life in modern China. There are potential opportunities to be activated to support the disadvantaged groups in overcoming the predicament of the academic process， through strengthening their education motivation and learning behavior.
		2020 Vol. 59 (4): 158-164 [Abstract] ( 666 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1186 KB) ( 443 )

	165	Who Benefits from the “Educational Disease”Estranging Direct Experience？——From the Perspectives of Experience Structure and School Culture
		Zhu Xinzhuo　　Zhang Congcong
		In the knowledge learning in school education， students’ activating and digesting of the indirect experience in teaching materials should be based on students’ deep direct experience accumulated from their practice. Then students can apply the knowledge to practice and reconstruct their knowledge structure integrated with survival. But in the examination-oriented school education， students’ practice is being squeezed by academic learning，which results to students’ lack of rich deep direct experience. Students’ knowledge learning is divorced from direct experience and practice，lacking deep understanding of knowledge and meaning. It is an “educational disease” estranging direct experience， which is common in both urban and rural school education in China. However，from the results of entrance exams，this paper finds that， the students from the urban middle and upper class get benefit. The reasons are various. In terms of experience structure and its correspondence with school culture，while there is insufficient direct experience in both urban and rural school education， the urban middle and upper class students master more structured experience， which corresponds with the school culture preferring academic knowledge and contributes to their academic advantage. This correspondence and advantage are strengthened in examination-oriented and competitive school education. To relieve the above-mentioned “educational disease” and narrow the class gap in entrance exams， school culture should fully absorb the connotation of labor and practice， schools and families should guide students into depth-participation in labor and practice to accumulate deep direct experience， and schools should carry out teaching，evaluation and enrollment based on deep direct experience.
		2020 Vol. 59 (4): 165-172 [Abstract] ( 445 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1293 KB) ( 389 )

	173	A Study of Basic Education Policies and Policy Instruments Influencing Family Education Cost from the Perspective of Poverty Alleviation
		Fan Xiaojie　　Lin Rongri
		Basic education is the foundation project for creating talents and improving the quality of the overall population. At different stages of the transition period， the government formulated and implemented relevant policies， and invested a lot of manpower， material and financial resources to ensure the healthy development of the basic education system. Therefore， while the government has gradually increased investment in the education system， it has greatly reduced the burden of the cost of basic education for disadvantaged families. This paper focuses on the relevant policies of the elementary school， middle school， and high school (including secondary vocational school) education stage in China， sorts out their policy characteristics and developing process， and examines their impact on family education costs. Adopting the Donald-Moore’s policy instrument theory， the paper finds that although China’s education policy affecting family education costs is more likely to combine the mandates and capacity-building policy instruments at the early stage，it is gradually increasing the use of inducements and system-changing policy instruments in the middle and late stages.It means that the policy-making powers of basic education continuously decentralizes to local governments， while government encourages society and individuals to actively participate in the industry of basic education. In addition， this paper discusses the reasons for the use of related policy instruments. On top of that， it provides suggestion for the next stage of our country to formulate basic education policies.
		2020 Vol. 59 (4): 173-183 [Abstract] ( 503 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1554 KB) ( 243 )

	184	Peer Victimization and Internet Gaming Disorder in Adolescents：Psychological Needs Satisfaction as a Mediator and Emotional Intelligence as a Moderator
		Wang Jianping　　Yu Chengfu　　Li Wenqian
		Although some studies showed that the positive association between peer victimization and adolescent Internet gaming disorder，little is known about the mediating mechanism and moderating mechanism underlying this relation. This paper examines whether psychological needs satisfaction mediates the relationship between peer victimization and adolescent Internet gaming disorder， and whether this mediating effect is moderated by emotional intelligence. A sample of 1389 junior high school students anonymously completes the questionnaires. The results showed that： (1) Peer victimization was significantly positively correlated with Internet gaming disorder； (2) After controlling for gender， age， father’s and mother’s educational level， and each person income of family per mouth， the positive association between peer victimization and Internet gaming disorder is mediated by psychological needs satisfaction. Moreover， this indirect link is stronger for adolescents with high emotional intelligence than for those with low emotional intelligence.
		2020 Vol. 59 (4): 184-192 [Abstract] ( 613 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1096 KB) ( 974 )

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