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2022 Vol. 61, No. 5
Published: 2022-09-27
1
Synergizing “Political and Legal Regulation” with “Social Services”： The “Twin Levers” of Social Governance in the New Era
Xu Xiaojun
How to realize an effective social governance and how to transform the existing social governance models are the two major issues faced by China at present. They call for overarching and directive theoretical models as well as pathway guidance. This study starts with a systematic review of the development and evolution of China’s social governance modes and styles since the birth of the People’s Republic of China， and summarizes therefrom a series of measures adopted throughout the governance to both regulate/discipline and respond/serve， i.e.， the “political and legal levers” and the “social welfare levers” respectively. In the current temporal and spatial coordinates of China’s economic and social development， the government under the leadership of the Party is the leader and organizer of social governance. While ensuring that the hard hand of political and legal means plays the main part as the social stabilizer at the macro and comprehensive level， the soft hand of “social work service” should be strengthened so that it can give a full play in responding to the emerging social problems and needs at the micro level in a timely manner， and avoiding the partial social disorders in time. The combination of the two hands is the inevitable choice for China to build a social governance community and realize the modernization of social governance in the new era.
2022 Vol. 61 (5): 1-9 [
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364
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10
Ambiguous Justice： Reasonableness， Morality， Rule of Law in the Governance at Grass Root Level
Xiong Yihan Lin Jiayi
In the grassroots governance， there is some distance between people’s simple ideas of justice and the procedural justice of law system， which causes many aftereffects to the rule of law， such as repeated petitions， petitions beyond the existing bureaucratic structures and repeated lawsuits. This calls for a justice system oriented to the balance of reasonableness， morality， rule of law. The precise justice represented by the rule of law often brings zero-sum games， while ambiguous justice based on the rule of law and taking into account reasonableness and morality may have greater potential to settle disputes.
2022 Vol. 61 (5): 10-18 [
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678
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19
Leadership Observation： On the Mechanism of Attention Competition in County Governance——Based on the Theoretical Perspectiveof “Single Principal and Multiple Agents”
Tian Xianhong
“On-the-spotism” is an important tradition of China’s national governance. The “leadership observation” currently adopted in some places is a very important “On-the-spotism” work method. Based on the case study of leadership observation， this paper expands the principal-agent theory and extracts the theoretical framework of “single principal and multiple agents”， which is used to analyze the interactive relationship and mechanism of attention competition between the supervisor and the supervisee in the process of leadership observation. The study shows that leadership observation is an important path for county leaders to display， transmit， and compete for attention， and it is also an important foothold for county leaders to promote the implementation of work and realize their administrative intentions. By observation， the interactive relationship between the principal and the agent (the supervisor and the supervisee) centered upon the leadership attention competition is manifested in three mechanisms， namely the “expression-feedback” mechanism， the “incentive-competition” mechanism， and the “strengthening-maintenance” mechanism. Under the condition of “single principal and multiple agents” organization， leadership observation helps to mobilize the enthusiasm of agents (grassroots cadres) and promote the implementation of key tasks of the county government. However， it is easy to generate such organizational consequences as the strengthening of the control of the principal， the dissipation of governance resources， the blurring of attention focus and the displacement of organizational goals.
2022 Vol. 61 (5): 19-30 [
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366
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31
Promoting Governance by Assessment： The Transformation of Efficacy Mechanism for Special Assessment of Local Governance——An Investigation from Yibin City， Sichuan Province
Wu Xiaolin, Bai Yimei,
The study reveals the process of “subject-object-content-method” of the local assessment and explains the operation mechanism of special assessment， i.e.， the assessment department relies on the triple mechanism of “goal setting-whole process regulation-dual incentives” to ensure the effect of “promoting governance through assessment”. The higher-level organization sets unified values and decomposes tasks through goals， corrects organizational behavior through whole-process regulation， and mobilizes the enthusiasm of assessment objects through the “dual incentives” of the individual and collective. Obviously， effective assessment is not a complete top-down “pressure transmission” relationship. To make assessment truly serve governance effectiveness， it is important to assess the “two-way interaction” between the two parties of assessment based on the consensus of goals. The assessment subject needs to respond to the conditions and demands of implementation， and allows for the self-governance of the assessment object， so that the object can advance the work with local knowledge and conditions and realize the “governance through assessment”.
2022 Vol. 61 (5): 31-40 [
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487
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41
On the Harmony of Relationship That Determines Health and Longevity——An Exploration of the Meaning of the “Wu Cangping Proposition”
Mu Guangzong
Based on Wu Cangping’s proposition， this study further proposes that “the harmony of relationship determines health and longevity”， which implies that harmonious aging determines healthy aging. Specifically， the existence and quality of the relationships between heaven and man， between man and society， between man and me， and between man and himself determine the health and longevity of human beings. On the basis of “the benevolent live long”， “the harmonious live long” is put forward， which means appeasing one’s mind， nourishing one’s body， rejoicing in spirit， strengthening one’s aspirations， honoring virtue， and practicing the way. If the relationships (especially close and strong relationships) that dominate the life and living of the elderly give off strong positive energy， they can bring a sense of security， belonging and happiness to the elderly， and they lay the psychological， emotional and spiritual foundation that is necessary for a long and healthy life. Aging and “empty nest syndrome” will become a great challenge for the aging Chinese. Health does not mean longevity， and suffering from illness does not mean short life. To build intimate， family and social relationships in old age with the principle of harmony， and let the elderly live in a loving， caring and warm family and society is undoubtedly the “dream of old age” for the elderly in China.
2022 Vol. 61 (5): 41-48 [
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330
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49
The Production of Government Indicators： Types and Process——A Case Study of the Production of Planning Indicators for the Civil Affairs in Province A
Chen Nabo Chen Jiali
Governance by indicators is considered as an important state governance mechanism in China. It increasingly attracts the attention of researchers in social sciences. The previous studies mainly focus on the indicator implementation activities， while there is not enough emphasis on the production process. Based on a case study of the indicator production process in the making of the five-year plan of the Civil Affairs Department in Province A， this research explores how the considerations of performance-related acquisition and avoiding risks shape the attitude and behavior of the decision-making groups， and thus result in the appearance and exit of different types of indicators in the production process， and finally form the indicator production result based on the logic of “ensuring performance-related acquisition”. This study provides a detailed case study of government indicators production and seeks to inspire future relevant research.
2022 Vol. 61 (5): 49-64 [
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385
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65
Interest in Politics， Media Trust， or Cognitive Needs？——A Psychological Analysis of Netizens’ Media Exposure
Ma Deyong Hou Weigang
In the Internet era with uncountable information readily available， why do netizens choose different information channels， and even some people are not satisfied with the existing information supply and spend extra energy to search for the hard-to-obtain information？ Based on the data of “2019 Urban and Rural Social Governance Survey of China” and “Netizens’ Social Awareness Survey”， we can try to analyze and answer this question from a psychological perspective. The research shows that interest in politics is the most common factor that draws people’s attention to information， but it does not explain the difference in people’s preference in media channels. Authoritarian personality， political satisfaction and cognitive needs are the factors that affect people to choose one particular information channel over another. After analyzing the reasons why netizens choose foreign media， it is found that， contrary to what people usually think， ideology is not the reason why netizens choose foreign media， but cognitive needs and political satisfaction have a significant impact on netizens’ choice of foreign media. This shows that the media use by Chinese netizens cannot be explained simply by the conclusions of existing research abroad.
2022 Vol. 61 (5): 65-78 [
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618
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79
The Criticism of Online Imitation from the Perspective of Political Economy of Communications
Chen Shihua
From the leading role of celebrities and influencers to the pursuit of ordinary netizens， there are profound political， economic and cultural reasons for the popularity of online imitation. Online imitation mainly includes the imitation in gender， age， occupation and image. It implies demands for the expression of political ideas and the contention for the right to speak， the transaction and realization of texts， and the shaping and maintenance of relationships. It is presented by the coding and transformation of new media technology. The distortion of online imitation leads to the loss of values， the decline in morals， lack of innovation and illegal traps. The outlet for online imitation lies in the rational use of imitation， giving full play to the positive effect of imitation， correcting the distorted imitation， creating a good communicative atmosphere， restoring the standard of innovation， transcending the flow logic， enforcing the copyright management， so as to create a colorful online subculture landscape.
2022 Vol. 61 (5): 79-90 [
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351
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91
“Oral Grammar” and the Emergence of Cultural Spirit of New Vernacular Poetry
Zhao Liming
Oral grammar refers to the higher-level structural rules than the pronunciation based on the northern dialect. The use of oral grammar in Chinese new poetry has not only brought about the transformation in aesthetic paradigm from the ancient to modern， but also the revolutionary change of cultural spirit， which is mainly reflected in： first， the appearance of the subject “I” that announces the rise of the individual subject and enhances the subjectivity and spirituality of poetry； second， the appearance of colloquial interjections that represents the degree of dual liberation of man and literature， and brings about a new living lyric culture； third， the use of the pronoun that makes the reference clearer and the feeling more concrete； the increase of conjunctions that marks the transformation of the meaning of poetry from intermittent to continuous； last but not least， the appearance of prepositions that makes poetry further break from abstraction and move towards “concrete poetics”. The application of oral grammar in poetry not only promotes the revolution of poetic expression， but also gives birth to a new cultural spirit， which is of great poetic significance.
2022 Vol. 61 (5): 91-99 [
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410
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100
Wu Xinghua in Deng Zhicheng’s Diary——On the Expansion and Limitation of Biographical Literature
Yi Bin
Wu Xinghua is a modern poet， scholar and translator who has been “discovered” in recent years， and considered as an unfinished “legendary” figure. In view of the limited autobiographical documents on him， how to collect different kinds of documents more extensively and build a more complete biographical image of Wu Xinghua is an urgent but difficult problem to be solved. By tracing “Yenching University”， the key word of Wu Xinghua’s life picture， the relevant records with a wide span of time compiled from the diary of Professor Deng Zhicheng of the department of history show the spirit of the times in which Wu Xinghua lived，the campus atmosphere， the personal experience， reading history and the relevant relationships. This is an important expansion of Wu Xinghua’s biographical literature， but there are also limitations due to the attributes of the diary itself， the status of the author as a historian， and other factors. Only by overcoming as many limitations in literature as possible and maintaining proper knowledge literacy， can we provide more comprehensive research results and a more complete biographical image of Wu Xinghua.
2022 Vol. 61 (5): 100-107 [
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311
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108
Transmedia Storytelling： Transformation Strategies of Folklore Resources
Xu Jinlong
As a new theoretical method and research perspective in the early 21th century， transmedia storytelling is applicable to the transboundary transformation of folklore resources in the context of the new media era. Transmedia storytelling is based on a high-quality source story， story core or story prototype， and each kind of medium “performs its own duties” or even integrates and coexists with others. From oral to textual to video to integrated media， the use of media for the transformation of folklore resources becomes more and more diverse， so are the ways in which folklore is presented in modern society. The transformation strategies for transmedia storytelling of folklore resources include but are not limited to three major approaches： textualization， visualization and by performance. Through different media， folklore resources are transformed into different narrative forms and creative products. Transmedia storytelling encompasses multiple domains， platforms， and carriers related to storytelling， and has innovates the generation of content， distribution and consumption of folklore， which brings intertextual experience and aesthetic pleasure to readers， viewers， players and tourists， and promotes the creative transformation and development of folklore from its resources to capital.
2022 Vol. 61 (5): 108-116 [
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821
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138
The Relationship between Qin and Jinin the Spring and Autumn Period
Ye Qiuju
The relationship between Qin and Jin， two major feudal states during the Spring and Autumn Period， played an important role not only in their own development， but also in the fight for hegemony among different states. At that time， the power of the Zhou kings gradually waned， while some feudal states such as Qin and Jin became more and more powerful. Jin， with its domination of Xiaohan (Mount Xiao and Hanguguan Pass)， restrained Qin from moving eastward， which had been a military strategy formulated by Duke Xiang of Qin. The relationship between the two states， with wars on and off， was quite complicated and could be divided into five stages： 1) little contact with occasional coalition； 2) alliances by intermarriage； 3) confrontations； 4) Qin’s counterattack against Jin by allying itself with Chu； 5) inability to fight against each other. The war and peace between Qin and Jin displayed the great influences of the big power politics and the fringe politics during the Spring and Autumn Period.
2022 Vol. 61 (5): 138-147 [
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673
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148
A New Proof of the Time of Completion of Sun Tzu’s Art of War
Guan Wanwei
Sun Tzu’s Art of War， is a systematic and theoretical abstraction of classical art of wars by absorbing war experiences and the military strategies of Zuo Zhuan， Sun Bin and other works. Sun Tzu’s Art of War， which can be called the comprehensive expression of Chinese art of wars， was developed based on various war experiences and military thoughts during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring-States Period. Till the end of the Spring and Autumn Period， the war skills had been relatively simple and the ancient war principles still had their impact， for example “no attack to the enemies who are not lined up”， by which the complex tactical system of Sun Tzu’s Art of War could not be possibly supported. It is a good wish that Sun Tzu’s Art of War would be the earliest， the most complete， insurmountable work and origin of art of war. The truth is quite unlikely that such a theoretical masterpiece would appear explosively in the era of the early stage of military theory. The law of discipline development is generally from simple to complex. Sun Tzu’s Art of War not only includes war experience， but also achieves the theoretical deduction that goes beyond the actual combat experience， some of which even exceeds the possibility of actual combat. That leaves little space for the art of war to develop in the cold weapon era.
2022 Vol. 61 (5): 148-158 [
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840
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159
How Classroom Teaching Cultivates Students’ Social Emotion
Guo Yuanxiang Wang Jin
The cultivation of students’ social literacy is the realistic requirement to implement the fundamental task of fostering virtue through education. Social-emotional learning is the basic way to develop students’ social literacy， and classroom teaching plays an important role in guiding students to establish correct social concepts and develop social literacy. The important issue for deepening the reform of classroom teaching under the guidance of the core competence is how to enhance the sociality of classroom teaching， maintain the value connection between classroom teaching and students’ social-emotional development，and make the process of students’ knowledge learning become the process of social literacy development. Social-emotional learning is a learning activity in which students establish intentional values and gain social-emotional experience based on social cognition. The main purpose of social-emotional learning in the classroom is to generate social sense of reason， morality， beauty and responsibility. Enriching social feeling and social experience， establishing social understanding and social concept， and forming social care and social responsibility are the main ways of social-emotional learning. To cultivate students’ social emotion and develop students’ social literacy， classroom teaching must establish the meaningful connection between students and society， enrich students’ social experience， pay attention to develop students’ social understanding， enhance the social concern in the classroom teaching， enrich and sublimate social emotion through subject practice， in order to realize the significance of social-emotional learning for the individual spiritual growth.
2022 Vol. 61 (5): 159-166 [
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463
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167
Can a Growth Mindset Improve Adolescents’ Academic Literacy？
Chen Chunjin
Whether a growth mindset can effectively improve the academic literacy of adolescents， especially help students from poor families to narrow the academic gap， is an important issue related to the quality and equity of education. Using data from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) of four provinces/ municipalities in China， this paper examines the effects of a growth mindset on students’ reading， mathematics and science literacy from an implicit theoretical perspective. A comparison of the two groups indicates that students from disadvantaged families are significantly more likely to develop a growth mindset than those from advantaged families. After controlling for self-selection bias by using inverse-probability-weighted regression adjustment (IPWRA)， the study finds that a growth mindset does not show positive effects on reading， mathematics and science literacy. On the contrary， it even significantly reduces academic literacy. The subsample heterogeneity analysis shows that the growth mindset only has a weak positive effect on the academic literacy on the lowest quantile of students. As a whole， the impact of a growth mindset on the academic literacy of students from disadvantaged families is significantly negative. The main reasons for this negative impact is the “ceiling effect” under the extremely fierce academic competition and the rigid use of inefficient learning strategies， which greatly weaken or even reverse the potential positive influence of a growth mindset. Before intervention， it is necessary to carefully evaluate the true validity of a growth mindset， especially to be wary of the reversed growth mindset trap.
2022 Vol. 61 (5): 167-177 [
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549
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178
The Psychocultural Theory of Descriptive Psychology and Its Effects——With a Discussion of the HistoricalRelationship between Psychology and Culture
Wang Shenlian
The coexistence， interaction and mutual construction between human psychology and culture in life practice and life relations determine the supposedly “cultural character” of science of psychology in the ontological sense. Since the birth of psychology as a science， the cultural awareness of human science psychologists has been generally much stronger than that of natural science psychologists， and they have been the main promoters of the historical connection between psychology and culture. As the first form of psychology as a human science， descriptive psychology， especially the descriptive psychology in the romantic tradition， put forwards abundant and clear ideas about the psychocultural theory. The psychocultural theory has a direct or indirect impact on that of Wilhelm Wundt’s folk psychology， psychoanalytic psychology， existential psychology， the Vygotskian school psychology， and the contemporary cultural psychology. It is very necessary for psychologists to develop their own cultural awareness， not only at the specific research level， but also at the level of disciplinary construction.
2022 Vol. 61 (5): 178-188 [
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511
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