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2024 Vol. 63, No. 4
Published: 2024-07-27
1
A Study on the Impact of Digital Inclusive Finance on New Agricultural Productive Forces
Jia Kang Guo Qirui
The overall level of new productive forces in the agriculture of China is relatively low. This study，utilizing panel data from 2013 to 2022 across 30 provinces， municipalities， and regions in China， empirically examines the influence and mechanisms of digital inclusive finance on the development of new agricultural productive forces. The study concludes that the advancement of digital inclusive finance contributes to the enhancement of new agricultural productive forces； variations exist in how digital inclusive finance affects agricultural productivity across eight major comprehensive economic zones and different time periods； digital inclusive finance has the potential to bolster agricultural productivity by elevating the level of technological innovation in agriculture； government intervention has the capacity to shape the positive impact of digital inclusive finance on agricultural productivity， whereas an excess of intervention potentially offsets this positive effect. Therefore， in the process of developing new agricultural productive forces， it is imperative to actively foster the seamless integration of digital inclusive finance within the agricultural sector； strengthen the balanced regional development； enhance agricultural technological innovation； and optimize government intervention.
2024 Vol. 63 (4): 1-13 [
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Multiple Rationality： The Practice of Two Systems in One Family among Farmers under the Household System Tradition
Zhou Li Fang Ping
How to grasp the policy of two systems in one family for farmers in food production in practice？ This paper proposes a multi-rationality framework under the household system tradition to dialogue with the single-rationality theoretical assumption of agricultural economics. This paper argues that the farmer rationality contains multiple dimensions and they are interconnected： it follows the principle of differential responsibility， distinguishing “family members” from “outsiders”， and conduct food production that is differentiated， “letting family members eat their own food”， and bringing about “individual self-protection”. In the meantime， it can also extend from oneself to others， and in the mutual construction of field constraints and moral reflection， it regards “outsiders” as “family members”， thereby “letting family members who are qualified eat their own food”， and bringing about “social co-protection”. This paper proposes multiple rationality based on the East Asian household system tradition， and dialogues with the single economic rationality assumption based on Western agricultural economic theory. It will help update the cognitive basis of farmer studies， build theories based on Chinese practice， and discover smallholders' paths that can promote the sustainable development of the food system.
2024 Vol. 63 (4): 14-28 [
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The Meaning， Characteristics， and Approaches of High-Quality Development of Grassroots Democracy in China
Chen Rongzhuo Yang Guangxi
The proposition of Chinese path to modernization provides basic guidance for the high-quality development of grassroots democracy in China. The construction of grassroots democratic politics in the new era has continuously adapted to new practical requirements， met the new expectations of the people， obtained new significant achievements， and laid a solid foundation for the high-quality development of grassroots democracy. At present， the practice paradigm of leading grassroots democracy with Chinese path to modernization is taking shape. It gives practical meaning to high-quality development of grassroots democracy in four aspects： development trend， practice process， practice content and practice form， and presents the basic characteristics of leading， normative， extensive and effective. In the new era and new journey， the in-depth promotion of high-quality development of grassroots democracy is an important issue in the construction of socialist democratic politics. We should explore practical approaches from five aspects： top-level design， Party leadership， value pursuit， institutional improvement， and urban-rural coordination， so as to provide support and vitality for the realization of Chinese path to modernization.
2024 Vol. 63 (4): 29-38 [
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“Innovation Breakout Competition”： The Organizational Logic of the Social Governance Innovation of Grassroots Government
Wei Lai Li Wei
In the new era， innovation in social governance has emerged uninterruptedly， and grassroots governments are becoming increasingly enthusiastic about “polishing” the brands of governance. The paper takes a street as an in-depth case to track the practical process of grassroots social governance innovation， explores the operational mechanism of grassroots governments that transforms innovative practices into performance production， and reveals the organizational logic of the “innovation breakout competition”. The study has found that grassroots governments create innovative brands in response to changes in the organizational environment. A new type of innovative operating mechanism has been formed around the pattern of “goal setting—resource optimization—experience creation”， and it presents multiple organizational logics such as attention competition， resource optimization， and performance visualization that are different from the “promotion tournament”. The paper extends the construction mechanism of “impression-based performance evaluation”， proposes the concept and explanatory framework of “innovation breakout competition”， enriches the micro research of grassroots innovation behavior in the new institutional environment at the empirical level， and expands the research scope of the contingency organization's adaptive logic and intergovernmental innovation competition at the theoretical level.
2024 Vol. 63 (4): 39-51 [
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52
Between Historical Experience and Scientific Method： How Does Historical Political Science Move into the Future？
Huang Chen
How to deal with the relationship between the historical experience of China and the general social science methods determines the quality and even the future of historical political science. It is also a vital problem that all the social science disciplines with a “historical turn” need to solve. According to whether they apply historical methods or social science methods， this article tries to classify and analyze all the current history-oriented political science approaches. The historical political science in future， which give consideration to both historical experience and scientific methods， needs to make changes in five aspects： logical foundation， literature accumulation， research questions， historical materials usage and comparative methods. This approach， with a wider view and a higher standard， is not only conducive to inheriting and applying the plentiful resources of the academic community at home and abroad， but also useful for summarizing and refining the practical experiences in Chinese history， and ultimately， developing universal and solid theories.
2024 Vol. 63 (4): 52-63 [
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64
Deembodied Reality， Code Perception， and Virtual Matrix——One Type of Artificial Intelligence Films
Meng Jun
With the iteration and leap of artificial intelligence technology， movie grammar has also undergone changes. Compared with embodied forms such as humans and objects in artificial intelligence movies， supercomputer systems with ultimate power have become the deembodied reality in artificial intelligence movies. The movie story revolves around the game between humans and computer systems with super controlling power. The human machine system achieves a fictional reality turn， a machine turn of the world， and a sensory data turn through code perception and digital rhetoric. The supercomputer system in a detached form is a virtual Matrix that exists relative to humans， crossing the subject boundary between humans and artificial intelligence and possessing strong subject desires. The artificial intelligence movies about supercomputer systems are a more realistic movie imagination. The awakening of the subject of artificial intelligence completely eliminates the binary opposition between humans and machines， achieving human-machine symbiosis. The movies undoubtedly capture the future “world image” ahead of time and explore its subtle and unpredictable scenes.
2024 Vol. 63 (4): 64-70 [
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71
Cinematic Performance and Human-Computer Interaction in the Digital Age——From the Perspective of “Uncanny Valley”
Chen Tao
On big screens in the digital age， CGI technologies such as 3D modeling， virtual photography， motion capture， synthesis technology， and AI imaging combine themselves with live performances， creating cinematic images with different forms and styles. Such a kind of digital performance based on “human-computer interaction” emphasizes an aesthetic of “perceptual realism”， which is different from the “photographic realism” in traditional films. It is easy to fall into the “uncanny valley” by blindly pursuing the realistic characters， which brings negative experience to the audience. While some other films can avoid， take advantage of， or even cross the “uncanny valley” to achieve positive performing effects. The “Uncanny Valley” effect on big screens in the digital age highlights the inevitability and necessity of human-computer interaction， integration and collaboration.
2024 Vol. 63 (4): 71-79 [
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Freedom and Self-Adaptation： On Meng Haoran's Social Poems
Chen Yanni
Meng Haoran was a famous landscape and pastoral poet in the high Tang Dynasty. He travelled between cities and landscapes throughout his life. Although he did not rise to fame or wealth， his name was widely known. The reason why he was celebrated by his contemporaries was his free personality. “Social poems” were prominent in his poetry collection. By analyzing the “confusion of freedom” presented in his “social poems” and the “questions about freedom” and “adaptation of freedom” in his “capital poems” and “Xiangyang poems”， the two main “social” places， this work aims to explore the manifestation of his personality. In short， his poetry always paid attention to his own feelings of the moment， without any pretense， and he did not care whether his behavior and intentions were consistent when he travelled to the capital city and lived in seclusion in Xiangyang. His social poems always had “confusion of freedom ” and “questions about freedom”， but ultimately reached the psychological state of “adaptation of freedom ”. At the same time， his personality and poetic style had far-reaching influence.
2024 Vol. 63 (4): 80-87 [
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Prose： Promoting Its Own Genre Construction through Mutual Interpretation and Reference with Poetry——Taking Western Theoretical Literature as an Example
Huang Kean
The Western academic community has long adhered to the genre bias of “celebrating poetry while undervaluing prose”， but this does not mean that prose theory makes no progress. On the contrary， people can still explore how poetry and prose question， verify， and interpret each other from a large number of literature on poetry， thus continuously promoting the genre construction of prose itself. Its construction category involves many aspects such as the genre origin， thinking perspective， and language form of prose. Prose poetry， as a complex combination of the two， is characterized by the internal structure of “various opposites” facing each other， questioning， intersecting， and merging， ultimately forming a form of art that is both unified and rich in complexity.
2024 Vol. 63 (4): 88-96 [
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The “Red Culture” Writing in Contemporary Chinese Prose
Wang Zhaosheng,
The Red culture writing in contemporary Chinese prose has undergone a complex and tortuous evolutionary process. Its notable characteristics include localization， realism， and everyday life， exhibiting a spiral upward developing trend. Red prose emphasizes lofty ideals， spiritual heights， and noble qualities， as reflected in the portrayal of Communist leaders and the military and civilian populations， showcasing the deep bond between the Party and the people. To alter the solidified paradigms of classic concepts， red prose must be understood from the perspectives of sincerity， internalization， emotional resonance， reflection， and self-revolution. Additionally， the aesthetic style characterized by gentleness and warmth， particularly the narrative technique of “object metaphor”， should be recognized. There are many inherent values in red prose that need to be explored， reassessed， and reevaluated， making it a new academic growth point.
2024 Vol. 63 (4): 97-106 [
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The Experiment of Classical Chinese Integrating with Modern Chinese： A Study on Lu Xun's Classical Chinese Writings before the May Fourth Movement
Wang Weidong
Lu Xun had written in classical Chinese for an extensive period of time prior to the May Fourth Movement. His classical Chinese writings unfolded against the backdrop of classical Chinese becoming modernized in late Qing. Under the influence of and with the attempt to transcend such modern essayists as Yan Fu， Liang Qichao， Zhang Taiyan and Lin Shu， he sought to integrate newly discovered literary modernity with refined classical Chinese. Five classical Chinese essays systematically expound his idea of achieving salvation through literature. These works push the argumentative power of modernized classical Chinese to its peak with a strong sense of subjectivity， profound problem awareness， complex internal logic， and rich emotions. The Collection of Foreign Novels directly connects the refined classical Chinese with the “new school of foreign literature and art”， and conducts an extreme experiment on the possibility of literal translation of modern novels into classical Chinese. Nostalgia is already a modern novel written in classical Chinese. Lu Xun's classical Chinese writings represent the final efforts of late Qing classical Chinese. These experiences of frustration result in his firm turn to vernacular writing during the May Fourth period.
2024 Vol. 63 (4): 107-114 [
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115
The Essence and Evolution of Modern Japanese Imperialism——Focusing on “Ethical Imperialism” of Ukita Kazutami
Ma Bingjie
Ukita Kazutami is a famous political commentator and historian in modern Japan. He served as the chief editor of the “Dai-Nippon Civilization Association” and the chief writer of the Taiyo magazine for a long time. Ukita Kazutami is also regarded as a representative figure of the European and American school because of his promotion of liberalism. Ukita Kazutami proposed the concept of “ethical imperialism”， which is the most representative and influential aspect of his political thought. The essence of “ethical imperialism” is expansionism based on social evolutionism， and its core is “natural expansion” premised on the coordination with imperial countries. However， with the changes in Sino-Japanese relations， Ukita Kazutami abandoned the elements of civilization， peace， and negotiation in the “ethical imperialism”. He endorsed Japan's military expansion， which was criticized by Chinese intellectuals. By analyzing the essence and evolution of Ukita Kazutami's “ethical imperialism”， this work shows that although modern Japanese intellectuals defended imperialism by using political concepts such as constitutionalism or liberal democracy， the essence of their theories was always social Darwinism and colonialism. Their theories failed to prevent Japan from falling into fascism， and could not be the genuine source of post-war democracy of Japan.
2024 Vol. 63 (4): 115-125 [
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A Detour： Warner's Exploration of China in 1913—1914
Zha Xiaoying
At the beginning of the 20th century， with the strengthening of the US economic power and the relationship with China becoming closer， the American academic community had a strong interest in issues of China. In 1913—1914， Langdon Warner was sent by collector Freer to China on behalf of the Smithsonian Institution and other institutions to investigate the prospects of archaeological excavations and the possibility of establishing an archaeological school in China. However， Warner， who specialized in the history of Japanese art， relied heavily on European Sinology and Japanese scholarship， and spent a long period of time in Europe and the surrounding areas of China instead of investigating in mainland China. The American School of Archaeology in China was never established， which was a setback for American Sinology in its attempt to develop further.
2024 Vol. 63 (4): 126-133 [
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134
Analysis on the Problem of Tax Consolidation in Guangdong Revolutionary Regime (1917—1926)
Sun Yufei
Taxation is the foundation for the financial improvement of the Guangdong revolutionary regime. The process of tax consolidation can be divided into three stages. During the two periods of the Constitution Protection Movement， limited by local warlords， Guangdong revolutionary regime only attempted to compete for a few taxes. During the period of the headquarters of the Generalissimo of the Army and Navy， due to the control of taxation by warlords， the tax revenue of the Guangdong revolutionary regime was only a portion of salt tax， stamp duty， regular tariff， and miscellaneous taxes in Canton and its surrounding counties. With the unification of Guangdong， the Guangzhou Nationalist Government unified taxation， reformed tax system， and introduced new taxes， resulting in a continuous increase in tax revenue. The tax policy of the Guangdong revolutionary regime showed a prominent realistic characteristic， and a centralized tax system was gradually established during the revolutionary process. The tax capacity of the Guangdong revolutionary regime was greatly improved， providing financial support for the Northern Expedition and historical experience for the early fiscal policy of the Nanjing Nationalist Government.
2024 Vol. 63 (4): 134-145 [
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Writing Mothers' History——The National Historiography Movement and the Practice of Women's History in Post-WWII Japan
Yang Li
After World War II， a left-wing intellectual trend rose in Japan， of which Marxism was particularly prominent. An example of the Marxist influence on historical writing was the National Historiography Movement led by the Marxist historian Ishimoda Shō. This movement advocated that intellectuals assist the people by writing the history of the workers， peasants， and other people， in hopes of reconstructing the subjectivity of Japanese history. The writing of women's history was an important part of the National Historiography Movement， of which the writing of “mothers' history” was the core. Through the historiographical practice of writing mothers' history， the National Historiography Movement helped the development of modern Japanese historiography to expand in various aspects， such as acquiring new perspectives， improving its methodology， and exploring different sources.
2024 Vol. 63 (4): 146-157 [
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“Appraising-Appreciating”： The Dual Structure of Education Evaluation Paradigm and Its Implementation——Thoughts upon the Cultivation of Top-Notch Innovative Talents
Luo Zubing Han Xuetong
In accordance with the cultivating aim of “comprehensive and individualistic” development， education evaluation should be a dual structure consisting of “appraising evaluation” and “appreciating evaluation”. Appraising evaluation refers to the assessment of students' qualities according to predesigned indicators and standards， focusing on discovering students' deficiencies and promoting “all-round development” by “making up for drawbacks”. Appreciating evaluation refers to constructing indicators and standards based on students' actual qualities development and then assessing students accordingly， the focus of which is on discovering students' advantages and fostering “individualistic development” by “promoting their strengths”. Both means of evaluation have their own merits and demerits. They cannot replace but need to complement each other. At present， appraising evaluation almost dominates the whole education evaluation system， and the reform of education evaluation has been basically confined in repairing the “appraising evaluation”， and students' individual potential and special talents have few opportunities to be found and cultivated. In order to fully fulfill the comprehensive and liberal development and cultivate the real top-notch innovative talents， the reform of education evaluation should move towards the transformation in structure from the single paradigm of “appraising evaluation” to the dual paradigm of “appraising-appreciating evaluation”. Specific strategies include： establishing a talent perspective that focuses on specialties，constructing a diversified admission model of examinations and enrollments， making good use of evaluation methods that highlight individuality，and providing professional and solid evaluation guarantees.
2024 Vol. 63 (4): 158-168 [
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169
Disembedding： The Virtualization and Temporal-Spatial Reconstruction of Online Teaching Space
Yang Qianqian Lin Xiaoying
This study takes undergraduates of a “double first-class” construction university participating in online teaching as the research object， applies the research method of classroom ethnography， and presents virtual learning scenarios in different teaching forms from the perspective of students. From the two dimensions of time and space， the study analyzes that the virtual space attached to the online teaching has broken through the inorganic constraints of highly homogenized physical space and given individuals the possibility of controlling their own time. It has largely bridged the gap between planned time and subjective time， allowing teaching and learning to be reconstructed across time and space. While online teaching is constantly reconstructing the teaching space， if it fails to take into account avoiding “disembedding” at the individual level， it may lead to the virtualization of the teaching space， which will transform the bilateral activities of teaching and learning into the unilateral emphasis on the individual study of students themselves. In the future， new technologies need to be used to empower space construction to solve this problem. “Education-technology” as an organizational method and existence structure of teaching practice should return to a value based on highlighting the attributes of “man”.
2024 Vol. 63 (4): 169-180 [
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Take Advantage of the Digital Technology： Exploring the Way to High-Quality Development of Academic Journals
Xu Limei
In the digital age， the internal and external tension of academic journals has been alleviated， but some new challenges have emerged. In the situation where academic space is still insufficient and professional editor is still indispensable， the application of digital technology has not ultimately transmitted the advantages of efficiency and speed to authors and readers； Moreover， the dissolution of the subjectivity of the magazine has led to a deeper rift between readers and editors. Establishing a digital platform that can publish single articles with just one click may be an effective way to fully transform convenient， flexible， and real-time digital technologies， resolve internal and external tensions， and achieve high-quality development of academic journals. To this end， it is necessary to ensure the authority of digital publishing achievements， adhere to high-quality standards for digital publications， establish a publishing platform for magazines to exert autonomy， strengthen supervision， and optimize innovation evaluation systems.
2024 Vol. 63 (4): 181-188 [
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