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2024 Vol. 63, No. 5
Published: 2024-09-27
1
On the Achievements and Experiences of Urban Development in China since the Founding of People’s Republic of China
He Yimin
Since the inception of People’s Republic of China， urban development has witnessed significant advancements that have attracted worldwide attention， fully underscoring the efficacy of the socialist system. In essence， there are eight primary accomplishments： swift urbanization has culminated in the world’s most extensive population transfer and a monumental milestone in the history of human development； China’s economy， after an arduous journey spanning decades， has ascended to the world’s second largest economy； the construction of urban infrastructure has made great progress， becoming a crucial foundation for urban development and ensuring optimal living conditions for urban residents； notable progress has been realized in urban public services， offering vital support for urban expansion； the urban ecological environment has been protected effectively， and the quality of the ecological environment has been significantly improved； urban cultural construction has achieved fruitful outcomes， and urban culture has flourished； fundamental changes have taken place in urban life， life quality has been remarkably improved and the residents’ feeling of happiness has increased continuously； people’s health level has seen a steady rise， along with the rise in average life expectancy. After extensive exploration and practice， urban development in China has evolved a distinctive path， providing Chinese experience for global urbanization. The four most salient aspects of this experience are： first， the steadfast adherence to the correct leadership of the Party， which serves as the fundamental assurance for urban development； second， the adherence to the people-first and people-oriented urban development concept； third， with the scientific development as a guiding principle， the enhancement of the leading role of urban planning and development strategies； fourth， the adoption of an urban development model that prioritizes infrastructure construction. In the new era， urban development in China confronts both new challenges and opportunities. At this pivotal historical juncture， it is imperative to remain closely aligned with the overall goal of comprehensively building a modern socialist country in an all-round way， persistently promote urban development， and strive to realize the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
2024 Vol. 63 (5): 1-18 [
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Bidirectional Construction and Multiple Generation：Revisiting the Tradition of Investigative Research of the Communist Party of China
Hu Zongshan
Investigative research is the basic skill and heirloom of the Communist Party of China. In the history of more than 100 years of struggle， the Communist Party of China has taken the investigative research to open up and adhere to the Chinese path， launch the construction of social practice， develop the thought of investigative research， improve the institution of investigative research， and undertake the theoretical and political construction. After the bidirectional construction for more than 100 years， investigative research has formulate the spirit， value， identity and culture， becoming the conceptual system， theoretical system， experience system and value system with Chinese characteristics，which has made historic contributions to the change of the destiny of the Chinese nation since the modern times. To further understand and grasp the laws of investigative research， and to further inherit and apply the heirloom of investigative research properly will help us better understand and respond to changes in the new situation， take the initiative to make changes， improve our ability of scientific governance， enhance our competence of management and entrepreneurship， and promote the steady and long-term development of the cause of the Party and the country.
2024 Vol. 63 (5): 19-30 [
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The Understanding of Peaceful Coexistence by the National Leadership in the Early Years of People’s Republic of China
Sun Zexue
Against the backdrop of the bipolar and antagonistic Cold War， People’s Republic of China， guided by the policy of peaceful coexistence， had established diplomatic relations with 27 countries through direct and negotiated means by 1956. It had also succeeded in achieving peaceful coexistence with some nations through the diplomatic activities of “going out” and “inviting in”. The national leadership， drawing upon the diplomatic endeavors of the early years of People’s Republic of China， recognized that peaceful coexistence is an long-term policy of China’s diplomacy. Respect for territorial sovereignty and equality， and reciprocity are the core tenets of peaceful coexistence. Institutional confidence is the foundation of peaceful coexistence. National prosperity and strength provide its backbone. Peaceful coexistence necessitates an awareness of crisis and an adherence to the diversity of approaches， strategic flexibility， and the principle of finding common ground midst differences. Signing peace treaties and establishing institutional mechanisms serve as its guarantees. The aforementioned insights retain their guiding value for adhering to harmonious coexistence diplomacy and building a community with a shared future for mankind.
2024 Vol. 63 (5): 31-41 [
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Hot Topics and Cutting-Edge Trends in Rural China Studies over the Past 20 Years (2004-2023)——A Bibliometric Analysis Based on the Core Column of the Journal of Central China Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)
Xue Qin Zeng Xin
In December 2023， the “Rural China Studies” column of the Journal of Central China Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences Edition) was selected as one of the first core columns of philosophy and social science journals by the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China. Through the analysis of the annual publication， column settings， authors and institutions in the “Rural China Studies” column from 2004 to 2023， it is found that the column has incessantly focused on the “three rural issues” and published a number of excellent academic achievements in the past two decades. The author’s institutions， regions and echelon levels are widely distributed， among which universities are the main force in the output of scientific research results in this field. The authors include both well-known experts and young scholars， outstanding scholars at home and abroad， with a high degree of internationalization. With the help of Citespace， the keywords are further analyzed and compared with the Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition) and Rural China Observation. It is found that the “Rural China Studies” column has been closely following the national strategic guidelines and focusing on the core issues at the forefront of the times， such as rural governance， villagers’ autonomy and rural reform， reflecting the cutting-edge trends in the field of rural China studies. At the same time， relying on the advantageous disciplinary resources of the university， this column has produced distinctive achievements represented by “Field Political Science”.
2024 Vol. 63 (5): 64-79 [
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On the Daoist Concept of Animals from the Perspective of Life Aesthetics
Li Pei
Animals， like humans， are isomorphic to the universe and are living and spiritual beings. The existence of “animals” reinforces and highlights the Daoist concept of life. The pursuit of life and the breakthrough and transcendence of life dilemmas in Daoism have thus acquired aesthetic attributes， becoming a tangible and authentic aesthetic experience of life. From an interdisciplinary perspective of life aesthetics， in the Daoist concept， animals are first and foremost “supernatural” beings， more flexible and agile than humans， with long lifespans and the ability to change. They can also endorse divine will and guide ascension to immortality as important media. Secondly， animals are also life of “Wuhua” (materialization). The homology between humans and all things in the universe， as well as the ecological equality concept of Daoism， are not only prerequisites for the mutual transformation of characters， but also bring a new interpretation to Zhuangzi’s theory of “Wuhua”， echoing the theme of life in Chinese aesthetics. Thirdly， animals are still life of “Chengfu” (bearing burden). The concept of “Chengfu” in Daoism about animals is closely related to Daoist understanding of “goodness” and has profound historical roots. It demonstrates Daoist unique experience in the aesthetic relationship between man and nature， the strong inclusiveness of Daoist thought， and its strong identification with the ethical values of the Chinese nation. In short， the life activities of animals and the Daoist life practices centered on animals present the sacred concepts， environmental ethics， and aesthetic emotions of Daoism from multiple levels and perspectives. While constructing religious order， Daoism also greatly inspires classical Chinese aesthetics with its attention to the value of life and principles about life.
2024 Vol. 63 (5): 80-83 [
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“Wide Creativity” and the Transcendence of Individualistic Innovation View——An Inquiry Inspired by Csikszentmihaly’s Creative Dynamics Model
Gao Xinmin Fu Lihua
In response to the anti-individualist trend of thought and the rapid emergence of “wide” paradigms in cognitive science and philosophy of mind， theories and paradigms of creativity are also undergoing profound shifts. The influence of these “wide” paradigms is gradually expanding； creativity theories， such as embodiment theory， extension theory， and social interaction theory， are increasingly gaining prominence. Csikszentmihalyi’s creativity theory， which is grounded in the system model， flow theory， and a reinterpretation of the principle of entropy increase， represents a typical example of this shift. His theory does not entirely dismiss the role of internal things； rather， it argues that creativity is not solely an internal mental ability or phenomenon， but one shaped by a wide array of both internal and external factors. To address the debate between individualism and anti-individualism in creativity studies， a dialectical approach is necessary， recognizing the diverse ways creativity can exist. Compared with the existing innovation events， the rise of anti-individualism reflects a cognitive leap， signaling the transcendence of individualistic innovation view.
2024 Vol. 63 (5): 88-98 [
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Confucius’s Revision of Music and the Formation of the Songbook of The Book of Poetry
Cao Shenggao
Revising music was Confucius’s unswerving ideal. After his return to Lu， he firstly played the music used in Zhou music piece by piece， transcribed the music originally used for rituals into songs that could be sung independently. Secondly， according to the standard of Zhou music， he revised the sound， pronunciation and characters of the 305 songs of Zhou music， and set four beginnings of poetry as the model. Thirdly， he cleared up the wrong forms in the music book of “Ya” and “Song” that confused rituals and music， and deleted a large number of redundant lyrical poems， so that “Ya” and “Song” were each in their own place. Confucius’s revision of music was transcribing the music book used by Lu musicians into a songbook that could be played with musical instruments， which determined the basic form of the current version of The Book of Poetry
2024 Vol. 63 (5): 99-106 [
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The Subject of Strong Will and the “Chang Yao Style”： The Narrative Subject and Poetic Construction of Chang Yao’s New Poems
Yang Siping
The construction of a modernist subject is a crucial factor in distinguishing the new poetry from old poetry. Over the past century， Chinese new poetry has constructed modern lyrical and narrative subjects with diverse forms and rich connotations， highlighting the achievements of the new poetry. In the genealogy of subject construction of Chinese new poetry， Chang Yao’s new poems construct a narrative subject with intersubjectivity and strong will rather than a lyric subject in the usual sense. They are mainly constructed through the “sacrificial” methods of “receiving sacrifices” and “giving sacrifices”， with a superhuman strong will， sometimes appearing directly in the image of “I”， and sometimes hiding in the “non-I” and making it speak on behalf of them. At the same time， they are achieved and presented through highly recognizable， meditative， mixed， epic and bronze colored “Chang Yao Style”. Although there are some shortcomings such as “ Kitsch ”， the narrative subject of strong will of Chang Yao’s new poems and “Chang Yao Style” are mutually motivated， shaped and complemented with full modernity and outstanding originality.
2024 Vol. 63 (5): 107-115 [
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Reflections on the Research Approaches of the Dissemination of Chinese New Poetry in the English-speaking World Overseas
Wang Jinfeng
The dissemination of Chinese new poetry in the English-speaking world overseas has a history of more than ninety years. In recent years， the overall research on the dissemination of Chinese new poetry in the English-speaking world overseas has gradually shown a trend of being difficult to advance systematically. The long-time span， wide spatial scope and large volume of the dissemination of Chinese new poetry in the English-speaking world overseas have brought challenges to the discourse path of poetic dissemination. The debate on important viewpoints such as the attributes of poetry， the textual research of dissemination historical materials and the modern interpretation of historical materials have also triggered reflections on the research approaches. First， the approach of combining ontology and phenomenon reflects the concept of internal and external division of poetic communication research. Although this approach is still insufficient in exploring the stylistic elements of poetry， its attention to the translatability of Chinese new poetry in the English world and how to translate the stylistic elements is a good starting point. Second， the approach of poetic debate and general empirical research reflects the importance attached to basic theories and empirical research of the Western communication of Chinese new poetry. However， it will inevitably limit the problem domain of research. Third， the approach of historical data review and scattered point analysis shows that the basic research paths are the cornerstone. However， the stagnation at the starting point will inevitably limit the research horizon of the research subject. Following these three research approaches， further exploring the research wisdom and potentials of poetic communication， digital humanities and other disciplines， and exploring multiple paths that are both poetic and innovative can solve the dilemma of the studies of dissemination of Chinese new poetry in the English-speaking world overseas and open up a new space for poetic research.
2024 Vol. 63 (5): 116-125 [
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Wang Wenshao in the Boxer Movement——A Discussion on the Political Affairs of 1900
Zheng Zemin
During the Boxer Movement， Wang Wenshao was an important official in both the central government and the ministry of translation. He witnessed in person and heard about all kinds of chaos in the capital city. At the onset of the Boxer Movement in Beijing and Tianjin， Wang Wenshao was cautious and noncommittal， refraining from making any public statements. As the conflict between China and foreign powers became imminent， Wang Wenshao finally offered advice at an imperial court meeting. This move made him a target for elimination by the conservative force led by Zaiyi and Gangyi， but he was rescued by the intervention of Cixi and Ronglu. This incident also reveals that although Zaiyi’s faction was at its peak and controlled the defense of the capital， Cixi still sought to balance power within the systems of the Grand Council and the Military Affairs Department. When the event of “Xi Shou” was initiated， Wang Wenshao carried the Grand Council seal and chased for three days before he met with the imperial court. He became the most important minister during the early stage of the “Xi Shou”， and played a crucial role in maintaining government affairs， transmitting updates on the political situation， participating in the establishment of the telecommunications， overseeing the “household administration”， and managing disaster relief affairs in the Northwest. The conflicts between Wang Wenshao and Lu Chuanlin over issues such as the impeachment of Xia Zhenwu， the imperial visit to Xi’an， personnel appointments， treaties with Russia， and the return of the royal family to Beijing vividly highlighted Wang Wenshao’s consciousness of political territoriality and his deep connection with Sheng Xuanhuai， subtly reflecting the lingering tensions of the “North-South political dispute”.
2024 Vol. 63 (5): 126-141 [
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Hu Shi and the Sino-American “Wood Oil Loan Contract”——A Comparative Study Based on Kwang Pu Chen’s Documents and Hu Shi’s Diaries
Huang Zhende
By comparing Kwang Pu Chen’s documents archived by Columbia University with the existing diaries of Hu Shi， this paper finds out the specific historical events and examines the “missing” contents of Hu Shi’s diaries. On this basis， this paper proposes that although Hu Shi did not directly participate in the negotiation of the Sino-American wood oil loan， he cooperated closely with Chen at a critical moment， provided assistance and support in the formulation of strategies， and indirectly promoted the adjustment and transformation of the US State Department， which played a unique role in the success of the loan negotiations. Furthermore， the wood oil loan negotiations actually reflected the dual-track parallel strategy of the National Government’s diplomacy with the United States， the dual-representative system. This system was due to the divergence of US government’s policy to China， especially the different positions of the Federal Treasury Department and the State Department on aid to China. Under the dual-representative system， the National Government focused on the Federal Treasury Department rather than the State Department. Through the joint efforts of Kwang Pu Chen and Hu Shi， finally the National Government broke through the divisions within the US government and promoted the conclusion of the “Wood Oil Loan Contract”.
2024 Vol. 63 (5): 142-153 [
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154
The National Government’s Response to President Roosevelt’s Envoy Wendell Willkie’s Visit to China in 1942
Zhang Yiming
In 1942， Chiang Kai-shek’s attitude towards the former Republican presidential candidate Wendell Willkie’s visit to China went through a process of rejection， cautious invitation， and positive welcome， which was almost synchronous with the changes in the US government’s decision-making towards China after Lauchlin Currie’s second visit to China. Due to the importance attached to the US military aid to China and the independence of India， the National Government’s welcome of Wilkie’s visit to China was a continuation of the unfinished issue of Currie’s visit to China. However， after multiple consultations at the executive meeting of the National Defense Supreme Committee with K’ung Hsiang-hsi and Wang Shih-chieh as the core， the proposed “Issues and Key Points to be Considered in Wilkie’s Talks” did not address the above-mentioned issues. During the talks， Wilkie took the initiative to raise the issue of military aid and India， which caught Chiang Kai-shek off guard. Wilkie’s visit to China did not achieve substantial results， which was due to the friction between the “presidential envoy” and the US embassy in China， as well as the inadequate preparation of the high-level officials of the National Government.
2024 Vol. 63 (5): 154-165 [
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166
Rural Vocational Education Empowering a Strong Agricultural Country： Logical Dimension， Realistic Dilemmas and Practical Paths
Qi Zhanyong
To build a strong agricultural country is an important link in the process of agricultural modernization and the foundation of a modern socialist country. It has the characteristics of strong agricultural industry， strong agricultural technology， strong agricultural ecology and strong agricultural competitiveness. Rural vocational education is rooted in rural areas and serves agriculture， which is an inexhaustible source of force for building a strong agricultural country. Rural vocational education empowers a strong agricultural country by following the combination of economic， technical， ecological and governance logic， which is in line with the “four strong” characteristics of a strong agricultural country. Undoubtedly， there are still obstacles in the process of rural vocational education empowering a strong agricultural country， such as conceptual constraints， disconnection between industry and education， governance differentiation and ecological neglect. Therefore， it is necessary to change the mindset and enhance the social recognition of rural vocational education. It is necessary to enhance co-governance and sharing to build a pluralistic governance ecosystem. It is necessary to coordinate industry and education to build an industrial cluster of a strong agricultural country. It is necessary to revitalize ecology to promote the sustainable development of rural economy， and effectively improve the empowerment effect of rural vocational education.
2024 Vol. 63 (5): 166-176 [
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The Local Identity， Regional Integration， and Turnover Intentions among Teachers in County-Level General High Schools
Sun Ran Shi Junyun
The development of county-level general high schools (referred to as “county high schools”) in China has faced significant challenges， and the loss of high-quality teachers is both a key indicator and cause of “county collapse”. This study， drawing on a sample of teachers from county high schools in four provinces of central China， reveals the current situation of teachers’ turnover intentions， and examines the influence of local identity on the turnover intentions as well as its mechanism. The findings indicate that local identity reduces the mobility tendency among county high school teachers， and regional integration serves as a mediating factor. However， the direct impact of local identity on teacher attrition is relatively modest. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that teachers’ age and marital status play a moderating role in the process of local identity affecting the teachers’ turnover intentions. The young and unmarried non-local teachers of the county high schools exhibit a higher turnover intention. In addition， local identity can significantly enhance the sense of teaching efficacy and job satisfaction among county high school teachers. The research conclusion provides valuable insights for stabilizing the teaching workforce in the county high schools and promoting the revitalization of the county.
2024 Vol. 63 (5): 177-188 [
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