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2025 Vol. 64, No. 6
Published: 2025-11-27
1
Tangible and Accessible： Value Standard and Practical Orientation of Rural Livelihood
Zuo Ting, Zhao Yongli
It is an arduous task to achieve rural revitalization and common prosperity. The proposal to “concentrate efforts on accomplishing a number of practical matters that are tangible and accessible to the masses” reflects the pragmatic and people-oriented governance wisdom. The connotation of rural livelihood signifies the realization of the synergistic unity of tangibility and accessibility in terms of the dialectical relationship between tangibility and accessibility； in terms of coverage， tangibility and accessibility are the continuously new progress made in the areas of childbirth， education， medical care， employment， pension， housing and social assistance； and in terms of practical achievements， rural livelihood is realistic， comparative and developmental. The measurement of tangibility and accessibility of rural livelihood is based on the short-term goal of implementing the national standards for basic public services and realizing the “seven guarantees” of people's livelihood， which include the guarantees of access to childcare， education， employment， medical care， elderly care， housing， and social assistance for the vulnerable. The medium-and long-term goal is to ensure that rural areas have basic modern living conditions and achieve the “seven excellences” of people's livelihood， which include quality childcare， excellent education， generous income for labor， good medical care， comfortable elderly care， pleasant housing conditions， and extensive support for the vulnerable. The case study of W village in H county reveals that the development of the “seven guarantees” of rural livelihood has been achieved according to the short-term goals； the construction of the “seven excellences” of rural livelihood remains a long and arduous task in terms of the medium-and long-term goals. In this regard， it is necessary to further target the shortcomings in development， stimulate the motivation of cadres to improve people's livelihood， guide farmers' understanding， and enhance the effectiveness of linking people's livelihood with agriculture.
2025 Vol. 64 (6): 1-14 [
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Interaction， Cognition and Institution： A Study on the Construction Mechanism of Consumer Trust in Green Agriculture —A Case Study of Tea Industry in Q County of Southern Anhui Province
Chen Xuejing Liu Yuhang
Under the encroachment of marketization and commercialization， food safety issues frequently occur， and the crisis of consumer trust has gradually evolved into a common systemic problem， which is even more prominent in green agriculture. Taking the tea industry in Q County， southern Anhui Province as a case study， this paper analyzes the process of building consumer trust in the distribution of green agricultural products from the perspective of “interaction-cognition-institution.” The research finds that the construction of consumer trust in the tea industry of County Q is influenced by three mechanisms： first， an interactive connection mechanism based on interests， emotions and group identity； second， an information cognition mechanism based on information， reputation and brand effect； and third， an institutional guarantee mechanism based on government， industry and platform supervision. The three types of mechanisms interact with each other to jointly promote the construction of consumer trust. On the basis of ensuring food safety and product quality， further promoting the construction of consumer trust is the key to promoting the high-quality development of green agriculture.
2025 Vol. 64 (6): 15-25 [
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26
Synergistic Reform of Pension Insurance Contribution Rates and Retirement Delay
Yang Zaigui, Qiao Zhi
This paper integrates the actuarial model of basic pension insurance with the overlapping generations (OLG) model， and measures the scope for synergistic reform of retirement delay and premium reduction in basic pension insurance based on the dual objectives of alleviating fiscal burdens and enhancing individual utility. The results indicate the existence of an effective range for synergistic reform， with both upper and lower limits for enterprise contribution rates and delayed retirement ages. The choice of benchmark is crucial to the reform path： with an enterprise contribution rate of 16% as the benchmark， retirement delay for male employees must be implemented alongside a reduction in the contribution rate， while female employees can proceed under current parameters； with an enterprise contribution rate of 20% as the benchmark， the retirement age for all employees can still be further increased. Under the current contribution rate， there is potential to raise the retirement age for female employees to 60-65 years. These findings remain valid after robustness tests. The premium reduction scheme for basic pension insurance proposed in this paper aligns with the reform principles of retirement delay—“gradual adjustment， flexible implementation， categorized advancement， and holistic planning”—and can serve as a reference for the synergistic reform of premium reduction and retirement delay in China's basic pension insurance system.
2025 Vol. 64 (6): 26-36 [
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Safeguarding the Dream of a Safe and Stable Home—Government Auditing and Fiscal Expenditure on Housing Security
Chen Zhuo
Based on the “economic check-up” functions of government auditing—“identifying diseases，” “treating diseases，” and “preventing potential diseases，” this paper selects provincial panel data from 2011 to 2022 in China to construct a comprehensive index of government auditing. Using financial expenditure on housing security as the starting point， this paper empirically examines the impact and heterogeneity of government auditing on such expenditure through a two-way fixed effects model， and further identifies the moderating mechanisms of the “three public expenditures” and fiscal decentralization. The results of the study show that the “diagnosing” and “treating” functions of government auditing have a promoting effect on housing security fiscal expenditure， but the “three public expenses” and the degree of fiscal decentralization in different regions weaken the promoting effect of government auditing on housing security fiscal expenditure. The research conclusion provides a theoretical basis and policy reference for understanding the function of government auditing in maintaining the fiscal and economic order and improving the efficiency of the use of financial funds， as well as better playing the important role of audit supervision.
2025 Vol. 64 (6): 37-46 [
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47
Knowledge Production and Its New Structural Transformation of AIGC under the Engineering Sociality Trends
Chen Long Ding Ran
Artificial intelligence generated content (AIGC) marks the rise of the knowledge structure of the “world brain.” Berger and Luckmann regard “knowledge” as the foundation for reality construction. On this basis， Couldry and Hepp consider media technology as a key variable， pointing out that the previous knowledge production model based on symbolic interaction has now been replaced by a data-driven distribution model， marking a “media turn” in the sociology of knowledge. This article takes this opportunity to gain insights into the transformation of knowledge production models under the waves of mediatization and proposes that AIGC possesses an inherent nature of “engineering sociality，” which has evolved along with the strengthening of the encoding and antrhopomophization of knowledge subjects by technology. AIGC exists in its relationship with society， initially driven by the input of human knowledge. It becomes a technological entity in the process of “data materialization，” but its automation ethics inevitably determine what knowledge is accepted and what is rejected. The root cause of the “imperfection” of AIGC does not merely lie in technical flaws， but rather in the structural asymmetry between machine value and human value within the coupling relationship. This article calls for the construction of a “society-in-the-loop” knowledge ecosystem to ensure that the purposiveness of human knowledge practice is reflected in the domestication of AIGC.
2025 Vol. 64 (6): 47-56 [
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57
Construction of Public Perception of National Culture in the Construction of National Cultural Parks
Peng Leiting Pi Yanfang
National Cultural Parks are new types of cultural experience spaces created through institutional innovation and the integration and reshaping of cultural and historical resources， with the dissemination and inheritance of natural culture as their core value and main task. They are also key carriers for the public to perceive “national culture” and shape national cultural identity. Textual analysis of online comments from twelve sample points along the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River National Cultural Park from 2019 to 2023， combined with random sampling questionnaire surveys， showed that： the public perception of national culture through National Cultural Parks is a cyclical system based on schema updates at the micro level and a dynamic mutual construction system of national culture and folk culture mediated by National Cultural Parks at the macro level. The individual perception of national culture is jointly influenced by perceptual medium， perceptual context， perceptual basis， and perceptual emotion， presenting a hierarchical structure of “identity recognition-connotation perception-emotional identification.” Currently， the overall perception of national culture is weak， and the effect of National Cultural Parks construction has not yet been manifested. Therefore， the future construction of National Cultural Parks should be guided by enhancing public perception of national culture， focusing on building a national cultural spectrum， creating diversified perceptual contexts， and achieving a leap from individual schema updates to national identity among the people.
2025 Vol. 64 (6): 57-69 [
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On Marx's Fundamental Transformation of Hegel's Dialectics—From the Perspective of Scientific Socialism
Mou Chengwen
Marx established the vision of the fundamental emancipation of the proletariat and even all mankind on the two scientific cornerstones of the materialist conception of history and the theory of surplus value， and thus founded scientific socialism. The founding process of Marx's scientific socialism is the exact process in which he fundamentally transformed Hegel's dialectics. That is to say， it is necessary to explore the fundamental changes he made to Hegel's dialectics by following the logical path of Marx's founding of scientific socialism. Through the perspective of scientific socialism， it can be found that Marx fundamentally transformed “spirit，” the explanatory principle of Hegel's idealist dialectics， with “sensuous human activity”； he fundamentally transformed “self-consciousness，” the practical subject of Hegel's idealist dialectics，with “proletariat”； and he fundamentally transformed “spiritual emancipation，” the main mission of Hegel's idealist dialectics， with “human emancipation.” Thus， he fundamentally transformed Hegel's dialectics and established his own dialectics on this basis. Marxist dialectics include such theoretical connotations as dialectics of thought， dialectics of human society or history， and dialectics of nature； the practical characteristics of Marxist dialectics are manifested in that it is a methodology rooted in the social practice activities of the populace， an ontology that understands the inner nature of things and penetrates into their substantive content， and an essentialism that grasps the significance of world history from the real movement that eliminates the existing state of affairs.
2025 Vol. 64 (6): 70-79 [
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The Reconstruction of Everyday Life and the Aesthetic Transcendence of Individuals—An Analysis of Heller's Aesthetic Life Issues
Yu Mingyue,
Agnes Heller's concept of “aesthetic life，” based on the critique of everyday life， re-examines the relationship between art， aesthetics and everyday life. Aesthetic life is not merely the simple intervention of art in everyday life， rather， it is the value reconfiguration of everyday life through beauty and the liberating path of transcending the alienated state through reflective practice. Heller's philosophical reflections ultimately focus on the individual survival and destiny. The issue of aesthetic life actually responds to the long-standing discussions in academic history about the relationship between everyday life and art. Its unique theoretical contribution lies in providing both a rich and supplementary micro-level dimension for the Marxist theoretical framework， as well as a tension-filled solution to the issue of subjectivity and the possibility of individual liberation in modern conditions. Although aesthetic life appears contemplative due to its own limitations， it still provides thought-provoking intellectual resources for understanding aesthetic practices in the life world and responding to the predicaments of modernity.
2025 Vol. 64 (6): 80-88 [
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On the Reception and Transformation of Chinese Modernist Poetry to American Modern Poetry
Lyu Zhouju
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries， a new poetry movement arose in the United States and exerted wide influence on literary communities worldwide. When studying in the United States， Hu Shi was inspired by Imagist poetry， so he advocated the new literary revolution and created vernacular new poetry， which opened the prelude of the Chinese new literary movement. Experimentation and innovation became the soul of Chinese new literature. Wen Yiduo， Shi Zhecun and other poets embraced the poetic ideas of Imagism and created lyric poems with Chinese characteristics. Li Jinfa and others were indirectly influenced by Allan Poe's symbolist poetry through French symbolist poetry， and pure poetry and symbolism became the characteristics of Chinese symbolist poetry. Mu Dan， Du Yunxie and others drew inspiration from Eliot's modernist poems and the lighthearted verse of Auden and Masters， and created modernist poems that integrated reality， metaphysics and symbolism. Modern Chinese poets were influenced by American poetry selectively with a “borrowing” attitude， absorbed its beneficial nutrients， and completed the creative transformation of modern American poetry. As a result， Chinese modern poetry broke free from the shackles of traditional poetry， and modernism became a tradition of Chinese new poetry. Exploration， innovation and experiment became the spiritual characteristics of Chinese modernist poetry.
2025 Vol. 64 (6): 89-97 [
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In a Trance： The Reconstruction of Temporal Order in Contemporary Poetry
Xiao Wei
Since the New Period，the representation of time in modern Chinese poetry has exhibited three characteristics of modernity：first，the fragmentation and dislocation of timeline disrupts the cyclical and orderly natural rhythm of classical poetry，presenting a nonlinear modern characteristic；second，nostalgia has transformed from the explicit direction of classical homesickness into a modern identity crisis，becoming a spiritual symptom after the disintegration of the experiential community；third，the experience of “trance，”as the core of modern temporal perception，opens up a space for emotional reconstruction in momentary absentmindedness，forming a sharp contrast with the classical concept of“eternity of moment.”Through linguistic techniques and imagery construction，poets salvage fleeting experiences within temporal discontinuities，establishing emotional continua and anchors of meaning. This poetic practice is not a simple return to classical traditions， but rather， under the premise of acknowledging modern fragmentation，constructs a“habitable temporal order”through creative transformation，providing a spiritual dwelling and profound response for adrift individuals in an era of failed empathy.
2025 Vol. 64 (6): 98-107 [
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Statutory Framework and Imperial Discretion： The Evolution of the Redemption System for Officials in the Qing Dynasty
Zhao Song
The redemption system in the Qing dynasty constituted an integral part of the imperial penal structure， embodying the dynamic interaction between codified law and judicial practice. Inheriting the redemption tradition from the Ming dynasty， this system evolved continuously through statutory revisions and imperial intervention， with the nashu (redemption by payment) mechanism for officials being its most representative form. Regarding official crimes， although the Qing Legal Code clearly stipulated the scope and standards for redemption， successive emperors frequently modified these provisions through edicts or case-by-case rulings， thereby revealing the tension between legal norms and actual judicial operation. Throughout the Qing dynasty， the court adhered to a penal policy based largely on corporal punishment， yet retained a limited space for officials to redeem their sentences. During the Shunzhi and Kangxi reigns， the application of redemption was unstable， as imperial discretion often superseded statutory provisions. From the Yongzheng reign onward， with the improvement of the legal system， redemption practices became increasingly standardized， but were still subject to revisions by imperial power. By the Qianlong and Jiaqing periods， cases involving imprisonment or more severe punishments were gradually excluded from the scope of redemption， with only limited redemption for the flogging punishment. The system structure shifted from lenient to strict， ultimately establishing a redemption system centered on imperial discretion. The evolution of this system thus reflected the interaction between codified law and imperial discretion. Emperors not only revised the statutes to reshape the scope of redemption but also exercised decisive authority in judicial cases， ultimately forming a complex judicial mechanism characterized by the coexistence of a statutory framework and imperial discretion.
2025 Vol. 64 (6): 108-119 [
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120
“Unwavering Judgment to Redress a Grave Injustice”： A Study of the Yu Qiongfang Case in Yunxi during the Late Qing Dynasty
Gao Hang
During the Guangxu reign， Yu Qiongfang， a gentry member from Yunxi County， Hubei Province， died suddenly in the local Binxing Bureau. Subsequently， two conflicting theories emerged regarding the cause of his death： poisoning and illness. The son of the deceased， Yu Xiwu， suspected his father had been assaulted and poisoned， while Xie Yiqing， the county magistrate， shielded the suspects—the two clerks Gan Ruitang and Wang Shijun—insisting that Yu Qiongfang had died of illness. Yu Xiwu， in turn， received support from Chenglu， the prefect of Yunyang. Thus， officials at the prefecture and county levels accused and impeached each other. The Governor-General of Huguang ordered the case to be handed over to the Judicial Review Bureau for trial. However， all witnesses in the case simultaneously retracted their testimonies， the son of the deceased requested the charges be withdrawn， and Ding Ziheng， Chenglu's advisor， was also suspected of involvement. As a result， the case was transferred from the Judicial Review Bureau to the Provincial Judicial Commissioner. Meanwhile， Censor Tu Renshou submitted a memorial to the court， impeaching the Governor-General and Governor of Hubei. Governor-General Bian Baodi organized a bone examination， sparking a dispute between himself and the censor over the findings. The court dispatched Imperial Commissioner Sun Yuwen to the south to adjudicate the case. Coroners from the capital conducted a steamed-bone reexamination of the deceased， concluding that Yu Qiongfang had been beaten to death. Subsequently， physical evidence was uncovered， and witnesses gradually revealed the truth， confirming that Yu Qiongfang had indeed been killed by the two clerks， Gan and Wang. The perpetrators， witnesses， and implicated officials were all punished according to the law. By examining the multi-level judicial process of Yu Qiongfang's case， the power struggles and maneuvering among local officials， gentry， clerks， and commoners behind the judiciary were revealed， thereby shedding light on the inherent dilemmas within the Qing dynasty's judicial review system.
2025 Vol. 64 (6): 120-135 [
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136
Educational Transformation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence： Development Trends and Practical Pathways
Wu Di, Feng Qianyi
As the core technology driving the new wave of scientific and industrial revolutions， artificial intelligence (AI) is profoundly reshaping the direction and practice of education. In light of the transition of educational digitalization into an era of intelligent integration and the deep-seated contradictions within educational development， it is of significant theoretical and practical value to explore the pathways of AI-empowered educational transformation. This paper analyzes the macro-level logic of how AI drives educational transformation from three perspectives： the historical context， global trends， and practical demands. It systematically elaborates the practical pathways and mechanisms of AI empowerment across five key dimensions—teacher instruction， student learning， administrative decision-making， educational evaluation， and scientific research. Finally， it proposes four strategic directions for advancing educational transformation in the AI era： cultivating future-oriented teachers guided by intelligent competence， building collaborative and diversified future classrooms， constructing data-driven future schools， and creating ubiquitous and accessible future learning centers. These pathways aim to accelerate educational transformation and contribute to the establishment of a high-quality education system in the era of artificial intelligence.
2025 Vol. 64 (6): 136-145 [
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The Double-Edged Sword： The Impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence Use on College Students' Critical Thinking
Cai Yingwei Chen Zhuo
Based on questionnaire data from 10,964 college students， this study systematically examines the impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) use on college students' critical thinking. Research finds that there is a U-shaped relationship between the frequency of GAI use and the level of critical thinking among college students， initially decreasing and then increasing. However， the breadth of GAI's functional applications and users' recognition of GAI's value positively promote the level of critical thinking among college students. This reveals the complex mechanism by which GAI use affects critical thinking. There is a cognitive outsourcing risk when students passively rely on GAI for ready-made answers， yet critical thinking can be enhanced when students actively and strategically use GAI as a multi-functional learning tool. The results indicate a clear distinction between shallow dependence and deep empowerment in students' modes of using GAI. Rather than whether GAI is used， how students use GAI emerges as a key variable influencing cognitive growth and academic performance. These insights offer valuable empirical support for higher education institutions to optimize pedagogical strategies and technological guidance in the era of AI integration.
2025 Vol. 64 (6): 146-159 [
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160
Leading the Distinctive Development of General High Schools by Evaluation： Value Orientation， Practical Dilemmas and Breakthrough Paths
Qian Jia Cao Yilan
Evaluation of general high school education is a lever for guiding the distinctive development and deepening the reform of the education model， which is of great significance to break the homogenization predicament of “one-size-fits-all” schools and realize the construction of a high-quality education system. General high schools should take the value orientation of “ecological optimization， classified development， value negotiation and quality improvement，” focus on the comprehensive and individualized development needs of students， build a governance pattern with the participation of multiple subjects， and promote the transformation of general high schools from standardized school management to distinctive education. There is a profound tension between the value orientation of current education evaluation and the actual operational logic in education practice， which leads to the following dilemmas in guiding the distinctive development of general high schools through evaluation： first， the high school and college entrance examination system and the application of utilitarian results have alienated the orientation of general high school education； second， the policy suspension and vague standards hinder the construction of the distinctive categorized evaluation system among general high schools； third， the hierarchical inertia and the labeling-based cognition squeeze the space for innovation in distinctive features of general high schools； fourth， the absence of evaluation subjects and the lack of incentives weaken the effectiveness of the co-construction and governance of distinctive features in general high schools. Based on this， it is necessary to optimize the evaluation of general high schools in terms of guidance， content， subjects， and application of results by reconstructing the evaluation orientation for categorized education， strengthening the consensus on categorized evaluation of general high schools， establishing a collaborative governance framework combining city and county levels， and improving the closed-loop mechanism of monitoring-feedback-improvement. This will guide the distinctive development of general high schools.
2025 Vol. 64 (6): 160-168 [
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169
Influencing Factors and Mechanism of Effective Implementation of Labor Education in Local Undergraduate Universities
Hua Wenfeng Wang Shaolei
In the context of comprehensively implementing the Party's educational policy of “the integration of five areas of education”and exploring the labor education with Chinese characteristics， it is particularly important to study the influencing factors and mechanism of the effective implementation of labor education in local undergraduate universities. This paper adopts a research method combining grounded theory and structural equation model， using data from local undergraduate universities in eastern， central， and western China for analysis. The results show that the six factors affecting the effective implementation of labor education in local undergraduate universities include the adaptability of labor courses， the effectiveness of implementation organization， teacher-student interaction， student-student cooperation， learning engagement and learning outcomes. The chain mediation effect of “adaptability of labor courses—effectiveness of implementation organization—teacher-student interaction—student-student cooperation—learning engagement—learning outcomes” is the strongest， followed by “adaptability of labor courses—effectiveness of implementation organization—learning outcomes，” while the chain mediation effects of “adaptability of labor courses—effectiveness of implementation organization—teacher-student interaction—learning outcomes” and “adaptability of labor courses—effectiveness of implementation organization—teacher-student interaction—student-student cooperation— learning outcomes” are relatively weak. Based on this， this paper proposes suggestions such as multi-party collaboration in selecting labor education courses， improving the effectiveness of labor education implementation， training full-time labor education teachers， developing professional evaluation standards for labor education teachers， increasing students' labor time， and improving their labor literacy.
2025 Vol. 64 (6): 169-182 [
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