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Quick Search     Adv Search 2021 Vol. 60, No. 1 Published: 2021-01-27 1 “New Narrative” of State Governance Modernization：Party Building and State Building in Transitional China Meng Tianguang　　Wang Ye In western countries， political parties are the key actors in the political life after the building of modern state， while Party building is strongly interacted with state building in late developing countries. Since Sun Yat-sen put forward the plan of “building the modern state with the Party”， political party has become the driving force of China’s state building. Especially， the Communist Party of China plays the leading role of state building in modern China. This paper analyzes the unique approach of the CPC to drive state building through Party building since the reform and opening up， and takes party recruitment as an example to examine the mechanism of how Party building promotes state building through elite selection， political co-optation and national identity. By combining official data with five national representative surveys from 1993 to 2015， this paper finds that CPC adopted a “supply-oriented” and “adaptive” Party recruitment strategy during the period of reform and opening up， and adjusted recruitment strategy to adapt to social transformation. The adaptive recruitment strategy results in the dynamics of social roots of Party members over time， and the shaping of regime trust， political capacity， and national identity. This strategy not only achieves the goal of Party building by improving the advancement and representativeness of the Party， but also drives state building through recruiting elites for the state， social integration and national identity. 2021 Vol. 60 (1): 1-1 [Abstract] ( 399 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (257 KB)  ( 252 ) 2 The Triple-Community Foundation of China’s Long-Term Continuous Political Unity：From the Perspective of Long-Cycle Politics Xu Yong China has been able to continue as a complete state entity for a long time in the form of a large-scale political unity. It is a state entity that has a vast territory and multitudinous and heterogeneous populations， but can still keep the political continuity. Even though it went through the separation and integration in turn after long intervals for the reasons of dynastical periodic changes， the general trend has always been unity， and it enters the contemporary world in the form of unity. This paper employs the theory of long cycles to explain this political phenomenon， and observes that the political unity of China continues to exist underpinned by the triple communities：the centralized political community；the cultural community featured by the agricultural civilization；the unified multi-ethnic community. Since 1840，China has encountered unprecedented challenges，but the political unity survives and will be maintained through the modernization of state governance，the creation of a higher form of human civilization and the forging of the consciousness of the Chinese national community. 2021 Vol. 60 (1): 2-9 [Abstract] ( 689 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1097 KB)  ( 579 ) 10 Why Fieldwork is Needed in Political Science Fang Ning The disciplinary system of political science is not yet fully developed into maturity in China. The remarkable sign is that a specialized system of methodology has not been formed， much less prosperous academic schools. The political science of fieldwork is one of the few burgeoning academic schools in the Chinese academia of political science，which exhibits a promising prospect. The theoretical and methodological propositions of the political science of fieldwork conform to the requirements of the times，keep in line with the development trend of current social science theories and methods，and are of great significance to the contemporary academic development and disciplinary construction of the political science in China. 2021 Vol. 60 (1): 10-16 [Abstract] ( 481 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1012 KB)  ( 410 ) 17 State Penetration and Peasants’ Response during the Collectivization——A “Behaviorism in Structure” Analytical Framework Chen Junya　　Wang Qi The relationship between the state and the peasant society is the core issue in modern state-building of China. This paper proposes a behaviorism in structure analytical framework and sets the state-peasant relationship in collectivization era represented by local cadres in the established structure of “penetration-response”. Local cadres and peasants， who are in the established structure and without changing the established structure of “penetration-response”， support the limitation and effectiveness of the state penetration by exerting their initiative and changing rigid policy implementation to flexible policy adaptability.The penetration of modern state-building into the rural society is not only the process of the state will entering the rural society and constructing national modernity， but also the process of applying the logic of the rural society to exert its institutional and will dynamics， which is a more effective way to achieve the construction. The behaviorism in structure perspective not only bridges the divergences in previous studies， but also provides a basis for understanding the relationship between the state and peasants. 2021 Vol. 60 (1): 17-23 [Abstract] ( 383 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (969 KB)  ( 259 ) 24 State-Building， Localization and Evolution of Village Governance Ren Lu As for the interpretation of the changes of village governance structure in China，the analysis of village governance in previous studies is mostly based on the duality in the process of state-building：the state and society. As a result，village governance is distorted as the antagonism and conflict between the two forces of the state and society. The rethinking of village governance should focus on the long history and bring village governance into the context of state governance. Taking “state-building” and “localization” as the analysis framework，this paper proposes to conduct a hierarchical analysis of the relationship among the three levels，namely “center and border”， “central goverment and local government” and “state and grass-roots society”. As such， the transformation of China’s village governance structure based on historical continuity shall be established，and the current village governance structure shall be taken as the result of long-term development，gradual improvement and evolution on the grounds of historical inheritance. 2021 Vol. 60 (1): 24-33 [Abstract] ( 463 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1454 KB)  ( 456 ) 34 The Influence of Human Capital DistributionStructure on Technological Innovation——On the Intermediary Effect and Adjustment Effect of Income Gap Ma Hong The distribution structure of human capital can affect the technological innovation through the supply effect of human capital and the demand effect brought by the intermediary mechanism of income gap.Using the provincial panel data from 1999 to 2018 in China to analyze the relationship between human capital distribution structure and technological innovation，this paper draws the following conclusions. The deepening of the inequality of human capital distribution is not conducive to the improvement of technological innovation， which is more significant in the eastern region with higher economic development level. Income gap plays an inverted U-shaped intermediary effect between human capital distribution structure and technological innovation. With the expansion of income gap， the adverse impact of human capital distribution structure on technological innovation is also increasing， which is the most obvious in the central region. The negative impact of human capital distribution structure on technological innovation has double threshold effect based on income gap.Therefore， In order to improve the level of technological innovation， we must attach importance to the coordinated progress of narrowing the income gap and optimizing the distribution structure of human capital， and formulate corresponding measures with different emphasis according to different regions. 2021 Vol. 60 (1): 34-44 [Abstract] ( 478 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1220 KB)  ( 613 ) 45 The Theoretical Logic of “Street Vendor Economy” and China’s Path Choice Meng Yuzhu,Yao Min In the post-epidemic era， the requirements for stable employment and protection of people’s livelihood have promoted the development of the “street vendor economy” on the right track， and has become the main way out of urban poverty for the urban bottom people. A scientific and reasonable understanding of the development trajectory and development logic of the “street vendor economy” is an important guarantee. China’s “street vendor economy” development practice has gone through different stages. In the past few stages， the government’s attitude towards the development of “street vendor economy” has been relatively negative， mainly repressing or “combining dredging with blocking”. Under the new situation in the post-epidemic era， the development of the “street vendor economy” is facing new challenges. How to form a reasonable governance concept of the “street vendor economy” is important for the government. Improving the level of urban governance， the innovation and specialization of the operation and management mode， taking the “street vendor economy” as a normalized consideration of urban governance， recognizing the root cause of the urban governance dilemma， and reforming the performance evaluation methods of local governments， are possible directions to be developed in the process of urban governance. 2021 Vol. 60 (1): 45-52 [Abstract] ( 838 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1253 KB)  ( 728 ) 53 The Transmission of Chinese Technique Objects on the Silk Road： Path and Mechanism Pan Tianbo From the perspective of global history，ancient China’s technological objects， as relics，have become a landscape appreciated globally. In the cross-cultural communication on the Silk Road，ancient China’s technological objects，by virtue of religion，trade and tributes presentation，have promoted the development from technological objects to civilized objects throughout the world， highlighted the spreading mechanism shifting from the displacement of objects to the qualitative change of ideology，and demonstrated the function and value of the global spreading of ancient China’s technological objects. A testimony of the global spreading of ancient China’s technology through the Silk Road conduce to the counterattack against anti-technologists’ views and the prejudice of Western of Oriental centralism，resurrecting the outstanding achievements and unique value of Chinese culture in the system of global civilization. 2021 Vol. 60 (1): 53-63 [Abstract] ( 465 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1859 KB)  ( 313 ) 64 The Mechanism and Path of the Coordinated Development of Modern Cultural Industry System and Market System Pan Ailing　　 Wang Xue According to the synergetic theory， modern cultural industry system and cultural market system can be regarded as an organic whole， and they are interrelated and interact with each other. Based on the internal relationship between the modern cultural industry system and the cultural market system， it is of great significance to explore the mechanism and path of their coordinated development for the realization of high-quality development of China’s cultural industry. In view of the coupling and collaborative relationship between the two systems， we should integrate the upgrading of the cultural industry structure with the cultural product market and combine the spatial layout of the cultural industry with the cultural element market， basing on the high-quality development of diversified enterprises and taking the coordination of the relationship between the government and the market as a starting point to effectively promote the coordinated development of the two systems. 2021 Vol. 60 (1): 64-71 [Abstract] ( 501 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1232 KB)  ( 366 ) 72 How to Redivide Historical Sources of Modern Chinese Literature Jin Hongyu There are various divisions of historical sources in the field of history， and researchers are groping their way forward the divisions of historical sources in the field of modern and contemporary Chinese literature. Given that text is the main carrier of modern literary historical sources，while other types of historical sources should be considered，we can divide historical sources into two sections，textual and non textual，with “text” as the center. If we take “ literature” as the center， the historical sources of modern literature can be divided into literary and non literary sources. It is a more general and abstract method to divide the attribution of historical sources according to the value standard. Fu Sinian’s division method can be critically used for reference：historical sources should include direct and indirect，intentional and unintentional， official and folk，domestic and foreign，witness and hearsay，oral and written. Two kinds of divisions can also be summarized from Liang Qichao’s works：positive and negative，significant and insignificant. The divisions not only highlight the value of identification， but also emphasize the relativity of value. So far，we have completed the discussion on the divisions of historical materials from three aspects：the carrier or manifestation，the characteristics of genres and the attribution of values. By integrating these three levels，we have basically reorganized a relatively complete system of the divisions of historical sources of modern Chinese literature. 2021 Vol. 60 (1): 72-88 [Abstract] ( 477 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2606 KB)  ( 758 ) 89 Self-Redemption and the Unusual Way of Root-Searching——On Narrative Pattern and Significance in Literature History of The Ordinary World Zhang Ji This paper examines Lu yao’s representative novel－The Ordinary World in terms of its theme of self-redemption and its correlation with many contemporary works. In particular， it studies how this novel manages to enlighten the young with its philosophical thinking of self-redemption，and how it succeeds in finding an exordinary way of searching for traditions， which establishes its status as a literary classic with unique aesthetic value in Chinese literature of the 1980s. 2021 Vol. 60 (1): 89-96 [Abstract] ( 800 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1622 KB)  ( 638 ) 97 On the Relationship Between Line Arrangement and Rhythm of Modern Poetry Gao zhouquan The rhythm of modern Chinese poetry is closely related to the form of line arrangement. The line is not only a form of poetry rhythm，but also an important part of the written form of poetry. How the poet builds a line， how to arrange， break or connect a line， the length of the line，the use of enjambement， the construction of modern poetry from line to stanza and the construction process of the poem，shows the poet’s ability to control the rhythm of poetry. Reasonable and orderly line arrangement can not only help generate a harmonious auditory rhythm，but also create striking visual rhythm. If punctuation marks， enjambement or long lines of poetry are used in a poem， it will slow down the rhythm of a poem to a certain extent. The organic combination or orderly layout between the poetry line and stanza，or among the stanzas can help strengthen the tension of the semantic rhythm of a poem and construct a symmetrical semantic rhythm form. The interaction between modern poetry line arrangement and poetry rhythm determines that the line arrangement of modern poetry is a form of construction that has both rich and flexible space and rules to follow. 2021 Vol. 60 (1): 97-105 [Abstract] ( 808 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1696 KB)  ( 854 ) 106 The Original Ecological and Natural Aesthetic Characteristics of Oriental Music Wang Yong　　Qiu Zihua This paper discusses the aesthetic characteristics of the original ecological nature of oriental music. Firstly，in the long historical process， the oriental people have the original ecological natural aesthetic characteristics， and they have never developed the same aesthetic characteristics as western music， which is a way of musical thinking，music creation and music performance based on mathematics， rational logic， science and technology. Secondly， the natural materials used by the oriental traditional musical instruments and their natural sound have an important impact on people’s musical aesthetic habits and tastes. On this basis， this paper discusses the differences between the sound characteristics of oriental national vocal music and those of western vocal music. 2021 Vol. 60 (1): 106-110 [Abstract] ( 556 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (794 KB)  ( 851 ) 111 The Acceptance and Identification Mechanism of Western Solfeggio in China from the Perspective of Cultural Ecology Zhang Yemao To examine the acceptance and identification mechanism of western Solfeggio in China from the cultural ecology perspective， this paper finds that there exist the dynamic mechanism of “double subjects” and the operation mechanism of “double transfer”. These mechanisms dominate the process of the spreading，acceptance and feedback of western Solfeggio’s “knowledge system” ，“training system” ， “value system” and “evaluation system” among different subjects. The operation of the mechanism results in the ecological evolution of the Solfeggio discipline in China，that is，with the interaction of “nationalization” and “modernization” of Solfeggio， the formation of “nationalization” and “globalization” of Solfeggio has been affected， leading to China’s acceptance or rejection， transformation and innovation of western Solfeggio. At the same time， it also makes Solfeggio， one of the “bottom thinking systems” of music culture，significantily affect the music culture pratice of individual subject， social subject and national subject， especially their music emotion， attitude， value and music behaviors. 2021 Vol. 60 (1): 111-120 [Abstract] ( 555 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1405 KB)  ( 572 ) 121 Concerns about the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence Sun Zexue It is generally accepted that Zhou Enlai proposed the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence when he greeted the Indian delegation to China on December 31， 1953. The study shows that he only initiated the content of this principle instead of specifying the concept. Concerned with the use of the conception，it was raised when Zhou Enlai addressed a speech at a meeting of cadres to receive a delegation from the British Labor Party in China on August 12,1954. This concept was explicitly used in foreign affairs when welcoming Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on October 20， 1954， and it was also extended into international conferences in the Asia-Africa Conference in 1955. Although China maintains that the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence are applicable to all countries，in diplomatic practice，they are mainly applied to China’s relations with non-socialist countries. This concept was used in China’s diplomacy with socialist countries， but it was also emphasized for relationship between socialist and non-socialist countries. The content of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence has been shaped through a process of changes， including the modifications and remodifications of the first and fourth items. 2021 Vol. 60 (1): 121-130 [Abstract] ( 667 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1317 KB)  ( 184 ) 146 Value Cognition of Teachers and Value Consciousness of Normal Education Practice for the New Era Hong Zaoqing New professional mission and new value implication are endowed to teachers in the new era. Normal education is the “machine tool” of education， which shoulders the important task of cultivating teachers. It is the fundamental principle of normal education to stick closely to the national educational development strategy and fully implement the general guidelines of teachers construction of the nation for the new era. In order to actively adapt to the new requirements of education modernization for teaching staff，normal education requires deep understanding of the value implication of teachers and focuses on the core proposition of normal education for the new era. Consciousness of source， characteristics and excellence should be firmly established， demonstrating the practical value concern of normal students cultivation under concerted efforts. The mission responsibility and value implication of teachers for the new era needs timely change into motivation and core value orientation of teachers training，enhancing confidence in the value and value consciousness of education practice. Further promoting the work concerning “normal essence” starts from the growth of normal students， the quality of normal education calls for constant improvement，thus providing more and better teachers for the construction of a powerful country in education as well as for the education satisfying the people. 2021 Vol. 60 (1): 146-153 [Abstract] ( 428 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1315 KB)  ( 635 ) 154 A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Children’s Sleep Duration and Its Optimal Scale Zhou Jinyan This paper introduces cost-benefit analysis methods to analyze the relationship between children’s sleep duration and their development. With the survey data covering six provinces in China，there are two main findings.First，children’s sleep duration has inverted U-shaped effects on “performance” and “interpersonal” noncognitive skills， and their marginal benefits are decreasing. The optimal sleep duration is 8.42-11 hours if taking into account the opportunity cost effect. Second，the opportunity cost of sleep duration varies according to how to spent time on other activities，which affects the net benefit of sleep duration. It implicates that deciding on the sleep duration of children should take into account its opportunity cost to maximize its benefits. 2021 Vol. 60 (1): 154-164 [Abstract] ( 397 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1349 KB)  ( 345 ) 165 Research on the Evaluating Indicators System of Internet Literacy for K-12 Students Wang Weijun　　Liu Hui　　Wang Wei　　Dong Rouchun Internet literacy is the comprehensive ability of children and adolescents to survive and develop on the Internet，and its related research has been widely concerned both in China and foreign countries，but its elements and evaluation standards for K12 students with Chinese characteristics have not yet been formed. On the basis of summarizing the concepts and evaluating indicators of Internet literacy from home and abroad，in accordance with the requirements of “the core competencies and values for Chinese students”，combining with suggestions from experts， this study constructs an Internet literacy evaluating indicators system for K12 students from three dimensions，which are awareness and cognition of Internet，adaptation and development of Internet， and participation and interaction in Internet. Then， by using consensual qualitative research method， 67 interviewees including elementary and junior high school teachers，university scholars and members of the community who engage in related research and educational practices， are interviewed to verify and improve the above evaluating indicators system. This study shows that this evaluating indicators system with Chinese characteristics has good rationality and effectiveness，which can provide reference for the construction of Internet literacy teaching resources and evaluation of teaching activities in primary and secondary schools in China. 2021 Vol. 60 (1): 165-173 [Abstract] ( 1035 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1175 KB)  ( 399 ) 174 Desire for Fame in the Era of Internet： Studies and Prospects Hu Yuting,　　Hong Jianzhong　　Ye Yiduo　　Chai Huanyou Desire for fame means that people are eager to be recognized by the public. With the popularization of Internet， fame has become one of the most significant aspirations for ordinary people in the domestic and overseas， especially adolescents. Some researchers apply social change and human development theory， social learning theory， uses and gratifications theory， and terror management theory to interpret the occurrence and development of desire for fame. This paper explores the influencing factors and consequences of the desire for fame. Future researchers should pay more attention to improving the measurement and research methods， exploring the antecedents and after-effects， focusing on psychological development characteristics of adolescents， and testing the comprehensive mode of individual-media-social environment. 2021 Vol. 60 (1): 174-182 [Abstract] ( 447 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1207 KB)  ( 194 ) 183 Practical Strategies of Empathy under Uncertain Circumstances——Analysis of the Positive and Negative Influences of Empathy on Public Opinion Hu Jiangxia Empathy is considered one of the essential traits of a psychological counselor and one of therapeutic approaches. However，improper practice of empathy can easily lead to emotional trauma，especially under uncertain circumstances. In order to avoid negative results，several aspects should be given more attention while evoking empathy，including factual basis， accuracy， balancing truth with caution and setting proper boundaries. Moreover，the improvement of the effectiveness of empathy should be emphasized in mass communication and public opinion guidance. 2021 Vol. 60 (1): 183-188 [Abstract] ( 417 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (970 KB)  ( 594 )

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