Abstract：Both the classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese were commonly used at the end of the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. Whereas the classical Chinese was in the dominant position， vernacular was becoming more and more mature， and there were many intermediate forms between classical and vernacular Chinese， such as half-classical and half-vernacular， and virtual classical Chinese， that is， “modern Chinese”. Language is the deep foundation of thought. Classical Chinese is particularly suitable for expressing ancient Chinese thought and culture， while the “national language” can express modern thought accurately and effectively. The “two languages” of Chinese is both the phenomenon of and reason for the active modern ideology and culture in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. At the ideological level， modern Chinese language and its development reflect the situation and development of Chinese ideology and culture after the Song Dynasty. In the late Qing and early Republican periods， the Chinese language tended to become more and more vernacular-based， supplemented by classical Chinese， and eventually underwent a transformation from ancient Chinese to modern Chinese. The Chinese language in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China was very complex in structure， and the vernacular and the literary language coexisted， conflicting and harmonizing and complementing each other. The “chaos” on the surface was in fact a manifestation of plurality， inclusiveness， tension， abundance， complexity， vitality， and a variety of possibilities， and the “chaos” was the deeper reason for the ideological and cultural vitality of the society in this period.
高 玉. 清末民初汉语文言与白话“二言”现象论[J]. 华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）, 2023, 62(5): 114-124.
Gao Yu. On the Phenomenon of “Two Languages” of Chinese Classical and Vernacular Languages in the Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China. journal1, 2023, 62(5): 114-124.
2023, Vol. 62 
