Abstract：At the end of 19 th century, Zhang Zhi dong formed his view of "Macro Commerce", put up the idea of "supporting industry by commerce", and supported new born merchant group. In the contexts of very complicated conflicts between China and foreign countries, and the different beneficial imbroglio between the groups of official, merchant and civilian, he established commerce schools, enlarged the wisdom of commerce, encouraged merchant' interests, reduced merchant's burden, concentrated the force of merchant, permitted merchant to form their own organizations, and proposed to establish new laws to regulate merchant and protect their benefits. He resisted foreign merchant' unreasonable requirements and actions, supported commercial competition between China and foreign countries. He also opposed commercial monopoly, cheating and regional protectionism. On rail policy he insisted that officials and merchant occupy the capital stock and profits half and half respectively.
