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2005 Vol. 0, No. 5
Published: 2005-05-25
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Village-town Relation: Losing Control In The Process Of Control
Ever since the 1990's, the village-town relation has undergone an interesting evolution. On the one hand, the self-determining resources and organizations were in the building and development within the village, and the villagers' impulse of self-governing became increasingly stronger; on the other hand , the administrative control over the village from the upper township level did not turn loose accordingly. Instead, it even became stronger in some aspects than in the period of People's Community. The interaction of these two forces resulted in a disconnection between the local government and the rural community in essence, with a seemingly strengthened control of the latter over the former.
2005 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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370
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Peasants'''' Psychology And Rural Political Stability In China--A Framework And Its Application
Based on the description and comprehension framework of " the belief basis of peasants' action" , this paper observes and analyzes the issue of the rural political stability from the angles of rural social psychology and behavior. Generally speaking, both peasants and cadres at grass-roots level have high opinion of the authority of the Party and its government. However, as to the newly elected cadres, government and cadres at grass-roots level, they have oppposite view. They recognize the improvement of their living standard, and are optimistic about the country's future, but they show less confidence in the future of rural areas. They have high opinion of the social system in law and theory, but low opinion of the social system in practice. It shows that in spite of some collective incidents against the governments and cadres at the local level, there isn't any basis of popular will for drastic social change.
2005 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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362
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Two Committees Conflict: An Empirical Analysis And Theoretical Reflection
Two committees' conflict is a widespread initialization concept in the field of village self-governance research. Many Chinese scholars endow this concept with empirical implications. Yet, on the view of methodology, we find that, two committees' conflict is a simphzed concept with selective bias; it can't explain the real social political situations in rural China today. Under the background of village self-governance, the relationship between the Party's Branch of CPC and the Village Committee is not opposite inherently; there have being the possibilities of deliberative corporations between the two organizations. Thus, we must give up the unscientific concept when studying the social-political relationship and public power structure in rural China, try to return to the original situations of power struggle in ru ral China, give an exact mechanism explanation as well as rational judgment.
2005 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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342
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Specific Episodes, Governance Process And Governance Culture--A New Framework For Analyzing Local Governance Practice
This paper introduces an institutionalist framework for analyzing transformations in local governances developed by two professors of University of Newcastle, Patsy Healey Jon and Coaffee. On the basis of that, the paper tries to develop such a framework for analyzing China's local governance practice. The framework centers on an analytical conception of levels of social formation: specific episodes of collective action; the ongoing work of governance practices and discourse formation and use; and underpinning culturally embedded assumptions and habits. The central argument is that transformations in local governance capacity need to penetrate all three levels to effect enduring changes in governance cultures.
2005 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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405
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State Building At The Grass-roots Level:A Case Study Of Rural Tax-for-fee Reform In Shunde, Guangdong
Many difficulties occurred in the rural tax-for-fee reform in inland provinces were not found in Shunde. This paper attributes this fact to the comprehensive governmental reforms conducted since the early 1990s in Shunde. which have supplied the necessary institutional back-up for rural tax reform. Moreover, the implementation of rural tax reform has facilitated the further development of governmental reform in Shunde. through speeding up the transformation of government roles and the constitution of a service government in particular. The paper describes the processes whereby changes in different institutional arenas interacted and promoted one another, and argues that these are worth noting for the benefit of ongoing government reforms and related institutional changes elsewhere in the country.
2005 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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311
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The Tradition Of Local Community And The Initiative Of The Government--The Revelation Of Constructing The National And Social Relationship By The Fujian Jinjiang Charity Federation
2005 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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355
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Shanxi Chamber Of Commerce And The Local Community
Chamber of commerce was the most popular new merchant organization during the last year of Qing Dynasty, which exerted a significant influence. There was a upsurge of founding Chamber of Commerce in China in 1900's. Since Ming and Qing Dynasty. Shanxi commerce was booming, but the founding of Shanxi Chamber of Commerce was comparatively sluggish. The main reason lied in Shanxi's historical social environment. Shanxi Chamber of Commerce was called civil organization full of the nature of capitalist, but its function and influence were limited. The relationship between Shanxi Chamber of Commerce and government was interdependent and restricted, and Shanxi Chamber of Commerce had limited freedom. So, Shanxi Chamber of Commerce wasn't the same as the Chamber of Commerce in coastal area.
2005 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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317
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On Reaction And Countermeasure Of The Chamber Of Commerce About Japan''''s Smuggle Activities In North China Before Sino-Japanese War
Before Sino-Japanese War, the development of the industry and commerce and China's sovereignty were badly damaged by Japan's smuggle activities in North China. The Chamber of Commerce actively participated in searching for smugglers and propagated the government's policy, tried to take various measures to suppress smuggling, whose idea was adopted by Nanjing Guomingdang Government. The Chamber of Commerce played an important role during the period of suppressing smuggling, and was an independent trader group before Sino-Japanese War.
2005 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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489
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Nation Intervention And The Alteration Of The Chamber Of Commerce In Socialism--Taking Wuhan Business Association As An Example(1949-1956)
After Wuhan was liberated in 1949, the government established the new Business Association based on accepting and restructuring the old Chamber of Commerce and industry. The Business Association was led by the new government directly, which was restructured in structure, leadership and function. In Modern China, the government's intervention was limited on the Chamber of Commerce. But after the year of 1949, the communist government intervened the Business Association completely and strongly. The Business Association rebuilded had important function on the alteration of capitalist economy in socialism.
2005 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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522
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Multi-visions Of Government-Merchant Dynamics:On The Formation Of The Chamber Of Commerce In Late Qing Dynasty
The formation of the Chamber of Commerce in late Qing Dynasty, was related with the encouraging policies and positive promotion of the Ministry of Commerce. However, the formation was not always smooth and appeared various form in the practical formation of local Chambers of Commerce. During this process, the merchants often took passive attitude towards the realistic difficulties and consideration of several potential factors. The diverse attitude between the government officials and the merchants also indicated that the formation of the Chamber of Commerce was not certain to undertake u-nited form.
2005 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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302
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Empathy And Synesthesia In The Ancient Ideas Of The State And The Taste
The idea of the state (the realm reached by, and the mood of, a work of art) and that of taste (the sampling and the tasting of a work of art) are literary theories of marked native features, which have drawn ideologically from Buddhism in their formation and development. This article, firstly, combs out the evolutions of related terms and probes into the mutual influence and infiltration between researches of religious psychology and those of artistic psychology. Then, it points out the insights into the regular patterns of mankind's aesthetic psychology embodied in the ancient ideas of the state and the taste as well as their practical values in contemporary artistic activities.
2005 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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285
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On The Comic Spirits
As the soul of the comedy, the comic spirits consist of four related and different aspects, including the spirit of irony and critique, optimistic and self-confident spirit, rational spirit and orgiastic spirit. The comic spirits are the most important criterion to evaluate a comedy and the most crucial standard to comment on an era and a nation. It is a new way to study the comedy from the perspective of the comic spirit. Focusing on the subject of writing, comic works and aesthetic subject in studying, we will exploit a new scope of activity for the research of comic theory.
2005 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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342
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A Reflection On The Construction Of Modern Chinese Literary Critical Paradigm
In the early 20th century, the Chinese literary criticism constructed a modern critical paradigm on such various levels as critical concepts, methods, discourse and ways of activity. Four topics that not only did every critics of the time had to face, but contemporary critics must also take careful consideration are: 1) the relation between the West and our native land; 2) the relation between traditional and modern criticisms; 3) the relation between the aesthetic functions of literary criticism and its deep social concern; 4) the relation between the independence and autonomy of literary criticism and literature commercialization.
2005 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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297
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Why The Deity Be Affected By Poetry--The Study Of The Poetic Conception And Morphology Of The Temple Odes From Han To Tang Dynasties
2005 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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327
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Monarchial Power, Human Rights And Rights Of Woman--Another Explanation About The Iliad And The Han Gong Qiu
Homer's epic The Iliad and MA Zhi-yuan's. poetic drama The Han Gong Qiu are written in the patriarchal society. From the perspective of monarchial power, human rights and rights of woman, the paper discovers the important meanings of the two novels, which were being covered over a long period of time. The Iliad indicates that the monarchial power had been restricted to a certain extent in ancient Greece and the nobles could keep their dignity. The Han Gong Qiu shows that the monarchial power had expanded extremely and everyone had been regarded as slave except the emperor in ancient China. The female were considered as a toy or the cause of ruin, in spite of the recognition of their beauty.
2005 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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351
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76
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The Base Of Cognitive Science About Chinese Vocabulary
2005 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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344
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On the Appellations of 189 Radicals in Modern Chinese Dictionary
In the present Chinese characters teaching, the radicals' appellations cause much confusion. Many radicals' appellations, influenced by their popular names, put particular emphasis on not rationales of constructing characters' forms. Hence, misleading often occurs. The author holds that the appellations of 189 radicals in MODERN CHINESE DICTIONARY. Which, to a large extent, classify not only the forms of characters, but also the meaning of characters, standarize the name of each radical rationally and enable learners more aware of the relationship in character's form, pronunciation and meaning.
2005 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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321
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Two Ideal Models To Construct Educational Theory
The deficiency of correct explanation and practice in the educational research method has been the main contradiction, which restricted the reasonableness, exactness and reliability of the production of the educational research. Thus, it is important to evaluate the validity and reliability of the productions what was close in contact with another question of constructing the education theory logically. There are no less than three rules related to the evaluation of the educational research productions: the reliability of view-evidence; the validity of the data-explanation: the reasonableness of the concept-proposition. Approximately, there are two ideal models to construct educational theory: ABCDEF (to validate theory) and CDEFBA (to construct theory) model. The ideal models are propitious to evaluate the validity or the reliability of a certain education research correctly, and help the educational theory research to develop more maturely and healthily.
2005 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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350
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Discussion Of The Transformation Of Thinking Mode In The Teaching-theory Application Research
Although some stage successes have been achieved in teaching-theory application research since the beginning of the policy of Open and Reform, yet there are some flaws: over-emphasizing the analytical research and neglecting integral research; valuing "object research" and neglecting "subject research" ; stressing static analysis and overlooking dynamic research, paying attention to "construction research " and losing sight of "phenomenology research". This thesis probes into the main reasons of the matter and give some advice on it, starting with the thinking mode of teaching-theory application research.
2005 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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367
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On The Methodology Of Educational Research And Its Development Tendencies
Historial development and future trend of science are linked to the transformation of science research's paradigm. The same is also true of educational research. Discussing paradigm of educational research is thought to he beneficial in that it promotes theory and practice of education. By retrogressing its historical change, this paper induces the characteristics and types of paradigm and hopes being useful to the development of pedagogy.
2005 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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345
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Government: Dominant Factor Of University Self-determination Right Evolution
Historical institutionalism is one of the main paradigm of politics science which is based on experience in the contemporary era in the west, and it is one of the genre of new institutionalism politics science. According to the paradigm of Historical institutionalism, by pectination of the evolution of university self-determination right between western developed countries in Europe and America, the paper recapitulates that university self-determination right mainly reflects the relationships of power proportioning between western governments and universities and government are the dominant factor of university self-determination right evolution.
2005 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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296
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