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2018 Vol. 57, No. 4 Published: 2018-07-25

	1	Social Governance in Rural China (1978－2018)——Hubei’s Story
		Wu Licai
		In the past 40 years since the reform and opening up， China’s rural areas have carried out two major reforms in rural land management and rural tax and fee system， along with two major changes in rural social governance. If the first wave of change mainly occurs between the “country” and the rural society， the main result of which is “the separation of politics and society” and the formation of the rural governance system of “township government and village self-governance”； then the latter change mainly occurs within the rural society and touches the structure of the rural society itself and its “soul”， which is mainly characterized by “hollowing-out” and “individualization”. The current policy is to introduce the rule of virtue and the rule of law on the basis of villagers’ autonomy， and hopes to build a modern rural social governance system with the leadership of the Party committee， the responsibility of the government， the social coordination， the public participation and the guarantee of the rule of law， through the combination of autonomy，the rule of virtue and the rule of law.
		2018 Vol. 57 (4): 1-11 [Abstract] ( 560 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1598 KB) ( 838 )

	12	The Exploration on the Dilemma and Outlet of Rural Governance from the Perspective of Social Capital—— Taking the Law Firms’ Participation in Rural Governance of Lichuan City in Enshi Autonomous Prefecture as an Example
		Zhang Lirong　　Ran Pengcheng
		Promoting the modern transformation and optimization of rural governance is an important issue in the reform of social governance in the new era. The social capital theory proposes a cognitive dimension that encompasses common goals， shared resources， and common language. It has the structural dimension of network contact methods， network contact objects， and network interaction intensity， as well as the relationship dimension that accommodates trust， reciprocity norms， obligations and expectations. It is an effective paradigm for exploring the transformation and optimization of rural governance in the new era. The overall review and case studies show that at present our country’s rural governance is facing the dilemmas of absence of awareness， poor structure， incomplete network， loose connection， weakened trust， and lacking of standardizations. To get out of the predicament， optimize governance， and achieve good governance， it needs to focus on rebuilding rural social capital in accordance with the general requirements of the combination of autonomy， the rule of law and the rule of virtue，as well as the path of cognitive dimension， structural dimension， and relational dimension.
		2018 Vol. 57 (4): 12-18 [Abstract] ( 585 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1193 KB) ( 618 )

	19	Study on Improving Health Literacy of Rural Residents in Ethnic Areas under the Healthy China Strategy——Based on the Survey from Enshi Autonomous Prefecture
		Huang Ruiqin
		With the constant improvement of China’s medical security system， China has made great achievements in promoting residents’ health， but the health level of residents in ethnic areas is still lower than that of the national average level. Health literacy is a powerful tool for the maintenance and improvement of residents’ health. Improving the health literacy of its residents， especially the rural residents，has become the key to realize the goal of universal health strategy. Enshi autonomous prefecture belongs to the main battlefield of poverty alleviation in Wuyi Mountain contiguous poor areas. Based on the survey on 730 rural residents in the region， this paper establishes a Logistic regression model and analyzed the present situation of rural residents’ health literacy and its influencing factors. Results show that health knowledge， health skills， healthy behaviors and overall health literacy of rural residents in ethnic areas are below that of the national average of rural residents. The transformation of health knowledge to health skills and health behaviors needs promoting. Health literacy of rural residents in ethnic areas is affected by individual characteristics， family endowment and external environment. Therefore， we should strengthen health education propaganda， promote the training and guidance of health skills， and carry out health intervention program for target population.
		2018 Vol. 57 (4): 19-26 [Abstract] ( 627 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1114 KB) ( 989 )

	27	From Embeddedness to Standardization： A New Model of Institutionalization of China’s Local People’s Congresses
		He Junzhi　　Huo Weidong
		There have been three main theoretic models in the development of local People’s Congresses since 1979 in China， which are the political embeddedness model， political contestation model， and social embeddedness model. Combined a new model of interaction between institutions and actions with a case from Zhenping county People’s Congress in Shannxi province， this paper argues that a new top-down standardization model is becoming a mainsteam model promoting the institutional development of local People’s Congresses. This new model means that the development of local People’s Congresses in China is entering a stage of institutionalization process in which specialization is prompted by standardization.
		2018 Vol. 57 (4): 27-34 [Abstract] ( 536 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1100 KB) ( 604 )

	35	Technology Embedded in the Political System： Internet Plus the Local People’s Congress System——Based on the Practice Innovation of Service Platform of Duty Performance for Deputies to the People’s Congress of Zhejiang Province
		Lang Youxing　　Lv Hongqiang
		Technology is a governance tool， and technical progress promotes the development of social system. Nowadays， China has ushered in the era of Internet，and moreover， the willingness of citizen’s online political participation is strong. However， the political system’ absorptive capacity is weak， which leads to the non-institutionalization of online political participation and then affects the stability of the political order. As the fundamental political system to absorb public opinion， the local People’s Congress system(LPCS) has its own technology-system hysteresis， which affects the normal operation of LPCS. Thus the non-institutionalized of online political participation and the technology-system hysteresis have together forced the construction of LPCS. Through the case study of the service platform of duty performamnec for the deputies to Zhejiang People’s Congress and applying the theory of political system analysis， this article finds that the platform provides a systematic channel for the non-institutionalized Internet political participation， enhances the performance of the deputies， and promotes the modernization of national governance system and governance ability. Therefore， the Internet technology should be embedded into the political system to realize the Internet plus LPCS.
		2018 Vol. 57 (4): 35-42 [Abstract] ( 527 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1219 KB) ( 360 )

	43	Consumption Demand Decides Production
		Ji Baocheng
		The basis of the supply-side structural reform in China is Marx’s theory of social reproduction， not western supply theory， and the supply-side structural reform was proposed according to China’s current development practice. Taking consumption demand as the starting-point， deepening the supply-side structural reform must be enforced. The supply-side structural reform needs to maintain reasonable and sufficient spending power， specifically， to properly handle such problems as the relationship between accumulation and consumption， the relationship between capital and labor force， the wide gap between the rich and the poor. In the meantime， to form and maintain high-quality and high-efficiency commodity circulation， which is the same important constructive element as production， needs to deal with the leftover problems as circulation cost， circulation organization and commercial monopoly， etc.， and properly handle the relationships between subject and platform， online and offline， commodity and service.
		2018 Vol. 57 (4): 43-48 [Abstract] ( 477 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (927 KB) ( 273 )

	49	Is It an Appropriate Scale of Social Assistance Fiscal Expenditure at the Present Stage？——Based on the Analysis of “Barro’s Law”and Cobb-Douglas Production Functions
		Li Chungen　　Chen Wenmei,
		As the most basic and important part of governmnet expenditure of livelihood， an appropriate scale of social assistance fiscal expenditure needs to satisfy the requierments of securing basic livelihood and preventing the social assistance objects from generating welfare dependence. The paper firstly interprets the relationship between economic development and social assistance fiscal expenditure from the theoretical level. Then it uses “Barro’s law”， Cobb-Douglas production functions and regression analysis to measure the appropriate scale of social assistance fiscal expenditure in different regions in the whole country from 2005 to 2015. The research results show that， the actual expenditure scale of social assistance has gradually become reasonable at present but still needs further improvement and optimization on the whole in our country； From the perspective of different regions，the actual expenditure in the eastern region is slightly higher than the appropriate scale and the actual scale in the central region has been increasing to the appropriate scale， but there is a wide gap between the actual expenditure and the appropriate scale in the western region. Finally，the paper proposes the differentiation strategy should be taken for different regions.
		2018 Vol. 57 (4): 49-58 [Abstract] ( 469 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1283 KB) ( 383 )

	59	Research on the Relationship between Human Capital，Innovation Input and the Growth of Private Hi-tech Industry——Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data in China
		Mei Deping　　Hong Xia
		Taking the development path of transforming the mode，optimizing the structure，and converting the kinetic energy，has become the inevitable choice for realizing the new normal economic growth and supply-side reform. Choosing China’s provincial panel data from 2007 to 2016 and using the extended Solow model and the two-step system GMM estimation method to analyze the key elements influencing the growth of private high-tech industries at national and regional levels respectively， has important economic and practical significance. Empirical studies found that at the national level， the contribution rate of human capital to the economic growth of private high-tech industries is only 8%， also the innovation investment is only 11%；At the regional level，whether it is the human capital factor or the innovation input factor， its economic efficiency is mainly reflected in the eastern region，and the output elasticity is 0.17 and 0.31，while， in the central and western regions，the contribution of the two is small or not significant.The traditional production factors——physical capital stock and the number of labor——in the central and western regions have become the main driving forces for the growth of private high-tech industries.
		2018 Vol. 57 (4): 59-69 [Abstract] ( 482 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1317 KB) ( 350 )

	70	Reflections on the Metaphysical Dimension of Narrative Study
		Gao Xinmin　　Hu Zizheng
		Metaphysical research on narrative has been put on the agenda by the generalization of narrative， cognitive turn and interdisciplinary study along with some underlying problems brought about by them. The core concern is not about how the narrative is constituted as texts but how it functions as the tool for mind， and the mechanism and the mystery of the role. To uncover the essence and mystery of narrative， we must distinguish between the matter of “ought” and “fact” of narrative as well as follow the route from the individual to the general， and acquire a comprehensive understanding of the cases and patterns of human narrative practice. Narrative and mind are inseparable and complement each other. If there is no narrative， mind will not be what it is. Without mind， the narrative will become rootless trees. In addition to the physical structure seen in literature， there are also metaphysical structures such as the theory of mind， autobiographical memory， metacognition and so on. Narrative has its own world of objects， and the objects have the distinction between reality and fiction. Although the fictional object does not exist in the real world， it has a real causal role. Although narrative has a significant cognitive and explanatory role， there is apparently an overcorrection bias in terms of pan-narration. As for the narrative and the self， the former is unlikely to create the latter， and the only fact is that the self enables individuals to have autobiographical memory and then to have the narrative.
		2018 Vol. 57 (4): 70-85 [Abstract] ( 657 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2052 KB) ( 430 )

	86	On Chinese Traditional Idea of “Respecting Dao and Valuing De” and Its Practical Significance
		Jiang Chang
		“Respecting Dao and Valuing De” is one of the oldest fundamental values in China and the basic spirit of Chinese traditional values. The idea， firstly contained in Yijing and theoretically expressed by Laozi， gets consensus by major schools in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to ancients， “Dao” is the essential of universe and can communicate with human being， while “De” means to acquire Dao， it is in this sense that we have the concept of “Daode”(translated as Morality). In this way， “respecting Dao and valuing De” means respect and value morality. To promote the idea of “respecting Dao and valuing De” is helpful to solve the serious social problem in current moral life together with the whole social life， construct metaphysical moral system together with Chinese moral belief which upholds the morality originated from Dao and human heart.
		2018 Vol. 57 (4): 86-94 [Abstract] ( 795 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1237 KB) ( 261 )

	95	The Journalism Field and the Formation of Ma Fantuo’s Folk Song
		Jiang Tao
		In the mid 1940s， Ma Fantuo’s Folk Song was an unique cultural phenomena in KMT-controlled areas. Although the poet Yuan Shuaipai(Ma Fantuo) used many kinds of folk resources， his “Folk Song” was actually a kind of “Urban Song”，which produced in the journalism field of Chongqing and Shanghai. On one hand， the “Folk Song” used the newspaper as a media， whose materials came from all kinds of news， editorials， and developed a kind of journalism sensibility by organizing and editing all kinds of materials， inherently connecting the “poetics of essay” created by Lu Xun in 1930s. On the other hand， the funny style of the “Folk Song” was in accordance with the orientation of tabloid and evening newspaper，forming cross-style and cross-media interation with skits， burlesques and caricature in newspaper， reflecting the social ambivalence at the turn of a historical period. In a word，discussing the formation of Ma Fantuo’s Folk Song in journalism field provides a new perspective to understand the rebuild of the new poetry’s form and function in 1940s.
		2018 Vol. 57 (4): 95-104 [Abstract] ( 426 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2091 KB) ( 377 )

	105	Review and Thinking on Study of Line Arrangement of Modern Chinese Poetry
		Wang Zelong　　Gao Zhouquan
		As an important feature that distinguishes Chinese modern poetry from classic poetry， line arrangement is a significant theme which is worth exploring in poetic form study. In general， the study on line arrangement of modern poetry has formed the following directions： line arrangement and new aesthetic experience， line arrangement and new rhythm construction， line arrangement and new art practice of enjambment. However， as line arrangement study is based on the combination with other poetic elements， some complicated poetic issues haven’t been explained adequately， such as the relationship between line arrangement and modern poetry stylistic construction， and the influence of foreign poetry ideas and artistic forms on line arrangement. So it is necessary to establish new problem consciousness on line arrangement study， make further researches， and provide enlightenment to poetic construction of new poetry.
		2018 Vol. 57 (4): 105-112 [Abstract] ( 729 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1287 KB) ( 707 )

	113	Poetics and Construction of the Modernity of Chinese Poetry Theory
		Zhang Taozhou　　Wu Hao
		Excavating and combing the modern Chinese poetics published during the period from 1920 to 1949 has a strong historical significance for modern poetry. It can sum up the universal poetics of Chinese modern poetry. On the whole， these poetic writings reflect the intention of exploring the modernity of poetic theory. Among the poetic writings there are two focuses. One is on the relationship between new poetry and old poetry， and the other is on the differentiation between “pure poetry” and “popularization”. The difference of new poetry from old poetry lies in whether it is modern or not. The differentiation between “pure poetry” and “popularization” is the answer to the question of what kind of modernity new poetry has. In the late 1940s， the poetic theories of Zhu Ziqing’s and Yuan Kejia’s showed a more conscious and comprehensive awareness of modernity， which surpassed the dichotomy of “pure poetry” and “popularization”， and provided the basis for the modernity construction of poetic theory after the 1980s.
		2018 Vol. 57 (4): 113-120 [Abstract] ( 544 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1277 KB) ( 512 )

	121	The Melodising of New Chinese Textual Poetry
		Zhang Lu
		For a long time， modern Chinese poetics has discussed the musicality of poetic forms in terms of a musical sensibility that inheres within the text itself， one that does not have an immediate relationship to a particular oral tune. The field has defined such works as “textual poems”(tushi). Although scholarly attention has been paid to the issue of modern “singable poetry”(geshi)in the past decade， there have been few if any in-depth discussions of the relationship between these two genres. In regard to this issue， this article mainly discusses the fundamental question of the modern Chinese poetics since the literary revolution， that is how can new textual poems “sing”？ Rather than examining how poems “entered music” by “setting lyrics/poem to music”(yiqu tianci)， this article explores the question of the “melodising” of new Chinese textual poems emphasizing that musical creation in poetry should be understood by returning to the level of the “sense” produced by the “gestural rhythm” as a mediating agent to give expression to Xing within creative practice since the May 4th Movement. By using modern musical techniques to melodize the new textual poems in terms of “tailoring”(liangti caiyi)， the creation of new singable poetry dominated by the “Chinese art song” during this period， inherited and developed the poetic ideal status of the concepts of “musico-poetic” and “intimacy/harmony”(heyue)of the traditional Chinese singable poetry. Meanwhile， the melodising of new Chinese textual poems in the early period of the literary revolution is of far-reaching significance. It has established the relationship between human and objects in the early period of Chinese new poetry that blend with each other. It should be noted that such melodizing creation of new Chinese poetry has reached beyond the scope of the language of poetry， the Chinese character， realizing the intercommunication with music and other artistic languages.
		2018 Vol. 57 (4): 121-128 [Abstract] ( 444 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1300 KB) ( 894 )

	129	Enclosing the Hill or Felling Trees on the Hill： Multiple Faces of the First Emperor of Qin
		Yan Changgui
		There is an imperial edict called “Qin Shihuang enclosing the Xiangshan Mountain”in the bamboo slips recently published by the Yuelu Academy. According to the bamboo ships， because of his love for the wild and beautiful trees in the Xiangshan area which belonged to the Cangwu Commandery， Qin Shihuang listed the Xiangshan Mountain into a restricted area. The Xiangshan Mountain in the bamboo ships should be referred to today’s Jun Mountain， the Pingshan Mountain is the present Dongtingbian Mountain， and the Luocui Mountain is the Bakushan Mountain. Therefore， it is determined that most of the Dongting Lake is located in the northern part of Qin Cangwu Commandery. Differnently， from the historical account of Shiji(Historical Records)， Qin Shihuang fall trees on the hills and the Xiangshan Mountain became cutover. Analysis shows that Sima Qian’s historical narrative has its rationality， reflecting another “text history”， which is the collective memory of the conquered eastern region.
		2018 Vol. 57 (4): 129-137 [Abstract] ( 751 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1941 KB) ( 967 )

	138	New Bamboo Slips and the Reconstruction of the Settlement Landscape System of Jianghan Plain
		Guo Tao
		Jianghan Plain is the crucial district where unearths the bamboo slips of the Warring States， and the Qin and Han dynasties， as well as the crucial center recorded in the content of the bamboo slips. The relevant toponymy exhibits the affluent and divers landscape system of the Jianghan Plain. The area of Jianghan Plain is formed by the peripheral of the hills and lowlands. The basic geographical features of the geographical alternative distribution of the Cloud and its plain and lakes are shaped by the Yangtze River and Han water， which also form the intensive transportation network by the water roads and land roads. Cities and scattered settlements are widely distributed， forming three large settlement groups and a core landscape band. Thus it can be seen that the settlements and landscapes of the Jianghan area are the plain and highlands(Tai)， the highlands closing to the river(Jiu， Shi )， the lowlands closing to the river(Pu)， and some dams(Di，Peng)， including some settlements in the water(zhou，zhu)， which present obvious regionalism， terraces and layers. Some traffic sites， such as the post and ferry， and some military posts， taking the castle and pass as an example， diversify the sceneries. Reestablishing the Jianghan program could benefit the reference of the study of the “history at site on the earth environment” as well as of other related researches.
		2018 Vol. 57 (4): 138-146 [Abstract] ( 573 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1651 KB) ( 577 )

	147	A Preliminary Study on the System of City Tax in Modern China
		Zhang Limin　　Xiong Yaping
		In the traditional period， the central and local governments didn’t have taxation for cities， and they managed the urban economy in an extensive and indirect way. It was only in modern time that the urban taxation system was gradually established， which is an important manifestation of the reform of the administrative management mechanism in China，and also a reform of the financial system.This article briefly describes the government’s economic management of cities in the traditional period；under the influence of many factors in modern time， some cities began to build new types of taxes and tax institutions， and along with the promotion of local autonomy， the establishment of urban administration and management mechanism， and the implementation of the tax distribution system， etc.，city tax begins to be institutionalized and standardized.The initial establishment of the city tax system shows that the government has brought city markets and city economic entities into the scope of direct management and the objects of protection. The establishment of city tax system is an important manifestation of the reform of China’s financial system and the decentralization of state power.
		2018 Vol. 57 (4): 147-155 [Abstract] ( 403 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1406 KB) ( 465 )

	156	Meiji Reform and Studying abroad in Japan
		Xu Zhimin
		During the period of Meiji Reform， the Japanese government employed foreign experts， teachers， sent students abroad， and learned actively and effectively from the West， which became the example and model for the liberal party to refute the conservative party’s obstructing studying abroad， and had a demonstration effect for the Chinese to go to Japan to study after the Sino-Japanese War in 1894. The modern schools and universities established during the Meiji Reform provided the necessary objective conditions for the Chinese students， who came to Japan in great numbers， to be accepted and cultivated. Meiji Reform and going to Japan to study reflected the developing trend that modernization of the countries in South Asia brought the connection between each other and integration.
		2018 Vol. 57 (4): 156-163 [Abstract] ( 844 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1480 KB) ( 1084 )

	164	Five Basic Issues in the Classification of Non-profit and For-profit Private Education
		Wang Yitao
		There are five basic balance that should be maintained in the classification of non-profit and for-profit private education in China. That is， the balance of private education and public education， the balance of history and reality， the balance of government support and government supervision， the balance of public welfare and profit， the balance of the CPC’s leadership and corporate governance. In the compulsory education， public education should meet the need of the commons while private education can satisfy the elite. The private education policy should respect history and reality at the same time. The government’s support and supervision are indispensable， they jointly guarantee the healthy development of private education. Encouraging more private capital into education is necessary to relieve the financial pressure and to stimulate the educational vitality， however， it is necessary to prevent capital from eroding public welfare. To keep the balance of strengthening the CPC’s leadership and improving the corporate governance is the key to the construction of modern school system of private schools in China.
		2018 Vol. 57 (4): 164-171 [Abstract] ( 407 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1293 KB) ( 1414 )

	172	The Emancipation of Language Creativity
		Pan Yong
		From the perspective of the important role of College Entrance Examination composition， the paper reflects on the process of the forty years’ reform in the new historical period， and hackles the latest progress in the reform in the 2017 and 2018 College Entrance Examination composition. Based on this， it summarizes several major trends in the forty years’ reform in College Entrance Examination composition.It is pointed out that the trend of composition proposition reform mentioned above agrees with the mainstream concept of the development of the world theoretical linguistics， which conforms to the ultimate value purpose——emancipating people’s language creativity. Thus， it shows that the reform of College Entrance Examination composition has a bright prospect for education to be expected.
		2018 Vol. 57 (4): 172-180 [Abstract] ( 437 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1551 KB) ( 1215 )

	181	Generative Logic and Strategic Transformation of Talent Policy in China：1978－2017
		Huang Haigang　　Qu Yue
		In an era of globalization， brain circulation and regional gathering is essential to economic progress and competitive advantage， and how to attract talent returnees and brain mobility through public policy becomes national strategy. Taking the 844 pieces policy text issued by government from 1978 to 2017 as sample， using social network and text quantitative research method， the paper analyzes the policy changes， policy discourse transformation and institutions network since 1978.It is found that talent policy system in China is characterized as changing slowly and state-assisted， more emphasis on “oversea returnee” than “local talent”， with the tendency of diversity of policy tools and more collaboration among organizations. As a part of social transformation， talent policy system plays a key role in response to the international competition and domestic development. In the context of “Belt and Road”， “Double First-rate” and Innovation-driven Development model， efforts should be made to build a more competitive and attractive talent policy system.
		2018 Vol. 57 (4): 181-192 [Abstract] ( 477 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (0 KB) ( 358 )

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