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Quick Search     Adv Search 2019 Vol. 58, No. 6 Published: 2019-11-27 1 Disciplinary System，Research Paradigm and Development Reflection of Chinese Educational History during the 70 Years since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China Zhou Hongyu　　Liu Laibing During the 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China， the discipline of Chinese educational history has developed rapidly under the guidance of historical materialism. The disciplinary system has been established and developed and the research contents include three kinds of “general history” system： the history of educational thought， the history of educational system and the history of educational activity. The research paradigm enriches and transforms constantly and it has experienced two main stages： one-single and one-multiple. The thought-institution paradigm， modernization paradigm， narrative paradigm and activity-practice paradigm after the reform and opening up are the main research paradigms which promote the enrichment and development of educational historiography practice. The development of educational history in the future should strengthen its own theoretical construction of discipline and the further study of specific issues of educational history and constantly explore native academic traditions. By returning to the dual academic practices of“subject” and “mainstream”， the academic discourse power of Chinese educational historiography should be gradually established. 2019 Vol. 58 (6): 1-11 [Abstract] ( 649 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1570 KB)  ( 784 ) 12 The Review and Reflection on Distribution of Compulsory Education Schools during the 70 Years since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China Lei Wanpeng　　Wang Haowen During the 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China， the distribution of compulsory education schools has undergone five stages： the establishment period， the adjustment of the transition period， the scale expansion period， the dismantling teaching point period and the prudential adjustment period. The distribution of schools is a process of allocation of educational resources and an adjustment of the interests of all stakeholders，which plays an important role in urbanization guidance， industrial restructuring and education reform. With the implementation of new urbanization development and rural revitalization strategy， schools distribution should adhere to the “people-oriented” value， return to the origin of education， follow the law of education， establish a standardized procedure， promote decision-making to scientific and democratization， and construct a dynamic adjustment mechanism for the integration of urban and rural schools. 2019 Vol. 58 (6): 12-24 [Abstract] ( 565 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1937 KB)  ( 763 ) 25 The Reform of Training Model of Integrating General Education with Professional Education：Historical Reflection and Realistic Choice Zhang Yaqun　　Pang Yao The transformation of the training model of higher education during the past 70 years in China has undergone a tortuous course from the general education to the professional education，and then to the integration model of general education and professional education. The formation of higher education training model in various periods is based on the demand for talent training under specific historical conditions，which reflects the effect of the basic laws of higher education. The reform of training model of integrating general education with professional education is a pragmatic choice for higher education in the new era，and is a concrete practice to explore the path of development of higher education with Chinese characteristics. It adapts to the needs of social development and has a significant impact on training innovative talents， improving the quality of personnel training and building the power of higher education. 2019 Vol. 58 (6): 25-34 [Abstract] ( 515 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1338 KB)  ( 273 ) 35 Retrospect and Prospect：70 Years of Compulsory Education Financial System in China Li Bo　　Huang Bin　　Wang Dong During the past 70 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China， China’s compulsory education has made remarkable achievements. Firstly，this paper introduces the historical changes of the compulsory education financial system in China， and analyses the contents， characteristics of various financial measures implemented at different historical stages. Secondly，this paper explores the achievements of China’s compulsory education financial system from the perspective of adequacy，equity and efficiency. After 2000， the reform of “county-based” and the reform of “new mechanism” has achieved great success. The adequacy of financial investment in compulsory education has been significantly improved，and the fairness of financial investment in compulsory education has been greatly improved，especially the difference in the per capita public funds among different regions. The future development of compulsory education still faces severe challenges. At present， the reform of teachers’ salary system is progressing slowly， the local financial resources are limited and the preference for compulsory education investment is not strong， and the long-term financial security mechanism for compulsory education has not been fully established. The central government should further optimize the transfer payment structure， strengthen the institutional guarantee of financial investment in compulsory education， and improve the local tax system to support the balanced development of compulsory education at a high level. 2019 Vol. 58 (6): 35-44 [Abstract] ( 799 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1363 KB)  ( 625 ) 45 Seventy Years of Rural Governance in China： Two Main Objectives and Logical Evolution Liu Jinhai Seventy years ago， the Communist Party of China proposed to build a strong socialist modernization country， and established two main objectives of rural governance in China： one was to transform peasants from political objects to political subjects， and the other was to modernize rural governance. From the land reform to the end of the people’s commune， these two goals changed with the process of national governance. The relationship between these two goals and national governance presented different combination patterns in turn， which made the rural governance of China go through twists and turns. It was not until the reform of rural system that this trend was changed. Peasants became the main subject of rural political life， villagers’ autonomy became the institutional basis of rural governance， and rural governance began to enter the track of legalization and democratization， and move towards the modernization of rural governance. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China puts forward the strategy of rural revitalization and the combination of three kinds of governance，and also China’s rural development path and the main direction of modernization. Correspondingly，the contradiction between peasants as the main subject of political life and the object of governance process still exists. How to protect peasants’ subjective rights needs to be innovated in practice and explored in theory. How to realize the organic connection among rural governance， national governance and social governance，and how to strengthen the organic coordination of rural governance， economic basis and social mechanisms needs further attention and discussion. 2019 Vol. 58 (6): 45-52 [Abstract] ( 540 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1070 KB)  ( 211 ) 53 Interests and Identity： The Boundaries and Transformation of Villagers’ Political Participation——Based on the Village-Level Governance Empirical Investigation of Four Villages in Foshan City Liu Yiqiang　　Jiang Shenghui The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China called for the improvement of the grassroots democratic system and the expansion of the people’s orderly political participation. As the main content of grassroots democratic politics，the effective realization of villagers’ autonomy depends on villagers’ broad political participation. However， based on the investigation of village-level governance in Foshan city，under the premise of the continuous improvement of the participation rules， the villagers are affected by the dual conditions of interest incentives and community identity， and present a variety of selection preferences and participation patterns， including no-participation， low-degree participation， active participation and over-participation， reflecting specific behavioral boundaries and morphological transformation characteristics. The combined action of the intensity of interest incentives and the degree of community identity leads to the formation of villagers’ political participation boundaries and the transformation of villagers’ political participation patterns. The intensity of interest incentives is determined by both the degree of interests’ profit and loss and the degree of interests’ dependence. The degree of community identity is restricted by blood relationship， group interaction and organizational trust. In the development of village-level governance， it is possible to promote the positive and orderly political participation of villagers and guarantee the effective realization of villagers’ autonomy by perfecting the mechanism of interest incentives and strengthening the mechanism of community identity. 2019 Vol. 58 (6): 53-59 [Abstract] ( 480 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1044 KB)  ( 225 ) 60 Effective Implementation Units of Agriculture-Related Policy Pilot Projects——Cases Study of the Rural Collective Property Rights System Reform Pilot Zones in Three Provinces Yao Ruimin　　Kong Hao In the pilot work of agriculture-related policies，the grassroots reform unit plays an intermediary role in the policy interaction between local governments and peasants. Practice has proved that different rural collective property rights system reform pilot zones choose different reform units or unit sets， and the administrative efficiency and self-governance benefit of promoting policy pilot are different. Taking an administrative village as a single reform unit， although the implementation efficiency of policy pilot is high，the participation of peasants in consultation and democratic decision-making is low. Extending the reform unit to the level of villagers’ groups or natural villages， and even the level of non-institutional interest community， the mass consultation and democratic decision-making can be effectively activated， but the administrative efficiency is affected. Therefore，only the reform unit balancing administrative efficiency and self-government benefit can be seen as the most effective unit of policy pilot. At present， China’s agriculture-related policy pilot should focus on exploring the “multi-unit nested” policy pilot model and enhance the substantive legitimacy of reform through the implementation of consultation and democratic decision-making on the basis of guaranteeing administrative efficiency. 2019 Vol. 58 (6): 60-67 [Abstract] ( 399 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1238 KB)  ( 248 ) 68 Dilemma and Generation Path of Village Governance under the Reform of the Separation of Politics and Economy Li Boyang　　Wu Xiaoyan The separation of politics and economy is regarded as an important reform of the grassroots governance pattern. By differentiating between society self-governance and economy self-governance，it effectively avoids the occurrence of obscure boundaries of the politics and economy and violations of rights， and deeply changes the operation environment of grassroots self-governance. Because of the differences in carrier， affairs， subject and purpose between society self-governance and economy self-governance，the grassroots governance pattern of “strong economy self-governance and weak society self-governance”formed in some areas after the separation of politics and economy， resulting in the dissolution of the value of villagers’ autonomy，the highly utilitarian of democracy and the reduction of governance capacity to a certain extent. The dual self-governance pattern is directly determined by the contrast of capacities of two forces，while the effectiveness of dual self-governance is affected by the degree of separation and interaction. In order to solve these difficulties and promote the capacity of grassroots governance， it is necessary to strengthen the leadership and overall planning role of Party organizations， clarify the relationship between powers and responsibilities of the two types of self-governance， and adopt timely and appropriate separation and improve the system of society self-governance. 2019 Vol. 58 (6): 68-74 [Abstract] ( 430 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1077 KB)  ( 336 ) 75 The System of China’s Watershed Eco-environmental Management： Change and Development Wang Qingjun The system of China’s watershed eco-environmental management has undergone three stages：formation，frustration and adjustment.The change path from emergency management to the formal rule of law provides a normative and procedural framework for the substantive legalization of watershed eco-environmental management institutions. The “double leadership” system makes up for the defects of watershed eco-environmental governance and maintains the relative balance of power allocation，but it still needs to be adjusted frequently.The standardization of the cooperation between the water administration department and the eco-environmental department is the institutional guarantee for the normal operation of the “double leadership” system. The eco-environmental management bureau of the seven major national watershed is the dispatched agency of the ministry of ecology and environment，and it is an independent administrative organization authorized by departmental regulations.It takes the responsibilities including coordinating the consultation and formulation of standards for the same environment among provincial governments，supervising the effective implementation of water pollution prevention and control plans，implementing comprehensive law enforcement activities for the eco-environment in watershed. 2019 Vol. 58 (6): 75-86 [Abstract] ( 514 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1816 KB)  ( 348 ) 87 On the Establishment of the Legislative Purpose of The Yangtze River Protection Law——Taking Water Security Value as a Starting Point Ke Jian　　Wang Min The purpose of legislation is not only the basis of the value selection of a law and the specific system design， but also guides the implementation of the law. According to the practical needs and future choices of the protection of the Yangtze river， The Yangtze River Protection Law should regard water security as one of the important legislative purposes. In this way， the relationship between the instrumental purpose and the value purpose of environmental law can be connected， so as to provide a more clear and feasible value goal for the law， and form a logical integrity and coherence in the legislative structure and contents. As the legislative purpose of The Yangtze River Protection Law， water security contains three value dimensions： the first is the drinking water safety related to the health of the people in the watershed， the second is the water resource safety related to the urban and rural construction and industrial development of the watershed，and the third is the water ecological security guaranteed as the basic natural ecological conditions of the watershed. Taking water security as one of the legislative purposes of the act is not only the requirement of the safety value of the law， but also the meaning of state environmental obligations. To realize the legislative purpose of water security， three different systems should be established in the system design of The Yangtze River Protection Law including the basic and guarantee system， and the prevention and control system， and the rehabilitation and emergency system， so as to form a joint force of systems and comprehensively guarantee the water security of the Yangtze river. 2019 Vol. 58 (6): 87-94 [Abstract] ( 662 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1147 KB)  ( 506 ) 95 A Research on the Impact of Transfer Payments and Fiscal Efforts on the Supply of Basic Public Services——Threshold Effect Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data Hu Hongshu　　Wu Siqi A basic model of the impact of transfer payments and the scale of financially supported personnel on the supply of basic public services in the region is constructed in this paper， and an empirical study based on the panel data from 31 provincial administrative regions in China from 2008 to 2017 is carried out. It is found that the transfer payments can improve the supply of public services within the jurisdiction to some certain extent， but the promotion effect would be easily weakened by the inflexible administrative salary expenditure. Then， through the construction of panel threshold model，it is also found that there is a triple threshold effect with fiscal efforts as the threshold in increasing the ratio of public service expenditure. As the continuous improvement of regional fiscal efforts， the enhancement effect of transfer payments towards the basic public services has also been stepped up. Therefore， it can be concluded that controlling the substitutable effect of fiscal expenditure， accelerating the construction of a transfer payment system compatible with the incentives of regional fiscal efforts， as well as guiding the expenditure preference of local governments to tilt to the livelihood field are the keys to optimize the supply of basic public services. 2019 Vol. 58 (6): 95-105 [Abstract] ( 535 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1640 KB)  ( 488 ) 106 The Path of Urban Community Governance Based on the Group-Conduct-Performance Framework——Evidence from S Public Rental Housing Community in Shanghai Zhang Chuanyong Based on combing the practice of community governance of S public rental housing community in Shanghai and analyzing the characteristics of its residential group and their demands，this paper builds a group-conduct-performance (GCP) analysis framework for new urban community governance. It finds that， although S public rental housing community has preliminarily established a structure for community governance， the community governance should fully respect the appeals of residents to achieve good governance of the new urban community under the housing model of renting and selling simultaneously， according to residents’ demands and characteristics， which include willing to participate in community governance， placing a higher value on grassroots organizations，recognizing market organizations and self-governance，hoping to set up a network platform for community governance，and willing to obey community rules. 2019 Vol. 58 (6): 106-114 [Abstract] ( 603 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1342 KB)  ( 730 ) 115 On Brain Text and Language Generating Nie Zhenzhao Brain text is not a language but a kind of text saved in human brain. In general， brain text is presented through oral expression with human vocal organs and through writing symbols，both of which are the most common methods of information exchange and communication in the human world. Brain text will generate language whenever it is transformed into sound， and it will become written text after it is written down in symbols. Language can be converted into text and vice versa. However，language or written text is the embodiment of brain text. Language all comes from and is the vocal form of brain text. Thus， language is not a tool but rather a method of communication. 2019 Vol. 58 (6): 115-121 [Abstract] ( 599 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (848 KB)  ( 423 ) 122 Application of Intelligent Media Technology in the Communication of Chinese Intangible Cultural Heritages Huang Yonglin　　Yu Huan Intelligent Media is a comprehensive application of Mobile Internet， IoT (Internet of Things)， Big Data and Artificial Intelligence， and a new form of media featured by extensive human-machine interaction and collaboration. It plays the functions of information production， information experience，information push，information storage and information utilization through intelligence mediums and platforms. The application of Intelligent Media in the inheritance of intangible cultural heritages， on one hand， breaks through people’s cognitive structure of cultural communication， making the inheritance subjects of intangible cultural heritages multiple， the ways of communication diversified and the aesthetic experience more profound， and on the other hand， constructs a brand new communication form， making the communication of intangible cultural heritages faster， more efficient and accurate. Intelligent Media may be used to build a larger cultural platform， stimulate broader cultural consumption，convert more cultural resources so as to promote more effective communication and superb utilization of intangible cultural heritages. 2019 Vol. 58 (6): 122-129 [Abstract] ( 689 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1283 KB)  ( 1875 ) 130 Research on Tourism Development of Folk Literature Resources from Cultural Stratification Perspective ——Taking the Legend of Mulan in Huangpi as an Example Chen Bo　　Xie Duan With the continuous integration of intangible cultural heritages and tourism， folk literature is becoming an important resource for local tourism development. Meanwhile，it is nothing new to see phenomena that emphasize development and ignore protection. How to optimize the development of tourism on the basis of protecting intangible cultural heritages is an important issue. This paper absorbs the theory of folklore and constructs the cultural stratification model of folk literature tourism development. By interpreting the interaction among the folk culture layer，the popular culture layer and the elite culture layer of folk literature，it explores how to keep balance between the protection and development. Based on a case study of the legend of Mulan in Huangpi， it proposes optimization measures including cognition development， supervision mechanism，group cooperation and business strategy. 2019 Vol. 58 (6): 130-138 [Abstract] ( 737 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1476 KB)  ( 475 ) 139 On the Prosperity of Ci Poems on Objects in the Song Dynasty Lu Chengwen The Song Dynasty witnessed the prosperity of Ci poems on objects. The formation and development of Ci poems on objects in the Song Dynasty was related not only to the recreational function of the Ci poems on objects in its early stage of development， but also to the elegant aesthetic interest and artistic skills pursed by the writers of Ci poems， and so on. Furthermore，the reason that Ci poems on objects tended to be extremely prosperous until the end of the Song Dynasty was closely related to the re-stimulation of the lyric tradition of ancient Chinese literature under specific circumstances. 2019 Vol. 58 (6): 139-148 [Abstract] ( 413 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2347 KB)  ( 837 ) 149 Theoretical Consciousness and Novel Aesthetics as Chinese Experience——On the Core of Wang Anyi’s Novel Theory Gu Jinchun Among Chinese contemporary writers，Wang Anyi constructs her novel theory based on her high alertness to the crisis of professional writing. She pays attention to the material part of the novel，breaking away from the limitation of experiential writing with logic tightness and endowing the novel with unique marks and characters. She penetrates into the ontology of novels and interpreted novels as the spiritual world， a self-sufficient world that casts away the social function. She interprets thoughts as the core of novels，believing that the success of novels depends on the size of writers’ thoughts，and the thoughts should be pushed forward to reflect its depth. Wang Anyi’s novel theory continually breaks herself and impossibilities with high degree of theoretical consciousness，which makes Chinese contemporary literature have a path and direction to greater possibilities and richness，and become a literary representation for contemporary China to provide various possibilities for the development of human civilization with unique Chinese experience and narrative. 2019 Vol. 58 (6): 149-155 [Abstract] ( 482 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1277 KB)  ( 523 ) 156 Effectiveness Reflection on the Theoretical Presupposition of Left-Wing Literature Research——Centering around Critical Discourse of “Anti-Modern Modernity” Tian Wenbing　　Zhao Xueyong The trend of thought in China’s left-wing literature inherits the value orientation of modern new culture. Under the enlightenment and guidance of modern rational consciousness，it makes the emancipation of the bottom mass as the main content of literary expression，and transforms the grand discourse form of the country into a concrete writing paradigm， implementing the nation-state construction and popular enlightenment tradition of modern Chinese literature. Whether from the establishment of the national state power or from the manifestation of humanistic values，the left-wing literature can be seen as a typical modern literary form in the process of Chinese literature modernization. 2019 Vol. 58 (6): 156-163 [Abstract] ( 451 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1247 KB)  ( 338 ) 164 The Basic Forms and Limitations of Poetic Language in the Early 1990s——Centering on the Analysis of the Verbal Icon of “Square” Zhang Kaicheng The poetic language in the early 1990s was generated in the context of social transformation， which was highlighted in two forms： the changes of the spiritual consciousness and language consciousness of the poets. But there were limitations in the poetic language of the early 1990s. Firstly，poets were eager to get rid of the spiritual dilemma brought by the transformation context， and the presupposition caused the “non-autonomy” of the poetic language. Secondly， because of the overall deviation of the poetry position， the expression space constructed by the “intervention” expression is relatively narrow. 2019 Vol. 58 (6): 164-171 [Abstract] ( 429 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1407 KB)  ( 173 ) 172 History， Experience and Reflection of Chinese Folklore during the Past 70 Years Xiao Fang　　Jia Chen Reviewing the history of Chinese folklore during the past 70 years， the experience is embodied in the following aspects： the construction of folklore discipline is always closely related to the needs of country and society， the discipline system and talent group form the cornerstone of the development of folklore， the summary and innovation of the discipline theory guarantee the direction of the development of folklore， folklore discipline always maintains the people-oriented consciousness. This paper also discusses the prospect of folklore from four aspects： independence and autonomy， practicality and historicity， localization and internationalism， integration and openness. 2019 Vol. 58 (6): 172-186 [Abstract] ( 512 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2419 KB)  ( 567 ) 187 Chinese Folk Riddles： The Origin & Development Characteristics and Cultural Value Gao Zhongyan As one of the spoken language activities of human beings，folk riddles are often presented by means of allusions or words for people to guess. Unlike lantern riddles，folk riddles originated very early，but they have been neglected for a long time. Folk riddles began to germinate in the Spring and Autumn Period. Before the Song Dynasty，they were mainly used to insinuate political and social situations，and later became a national game gradually. During the Song Dynasty， business riddles and lantern riddles developed rapidly， while folk riddles did not mature until the Ming Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty witnessed a great development of riddles based on the achievements in previous generations. Nowadays， with the rise of folklore studies， the collection and collation of folk riddles has achieved initial success. In terms of artistic features， folk riddles are characterized by different expression techniques，diverse language forms， and ingenious conception， so they are popular among the public， thereby widely spreading. In terms of cultural value， folk riddles， as a language game， boast rich interest and knowledge， which could not only enlighten people’s wisdom， train their thinking ability， but also enrich their daily life and broaden their horizons. More importantly， the various knowledge contained in folk riddles is also the carrier of regional culture and expression of people’s common memory， which has great social and cultural value. 2019 Vol. 58 (6): 187-192 [Abstract] ( 997 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1923 KB)  ( 464 )

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