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2004 Vol. 0, No. 5
Published: 2004-05-25
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A Criticism in History
Faced with the tendency to refuse the context of society and history, to be fond of self-prove in criticism methods and the tending of formalism in critical field, the paper, by means of five critical methods which are stylistic analysis?ethical criticism?myth criticism?Freudianism criticism and structuralism criticism, illustrates that: none of these models of interpretation is complete in themselves, and that their appearance of autonomy results from the limits and boundaries arbitrarily during their interpretative process. If we prolong any one of these methods, even on its own terms, we always reemerge into the historical dimension itself, which thus comes as an implicit or explicit completion of all literary analysis or interpretation.
2004 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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458
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Globalization and A Singular Modernity
Modernity is a very important subject to be investigated today. China is generally in the process of modernization now. The essay is to discuss about Chinese modernity in the context of globalization. It would also propose an argument on the debate about Fredric Jameson. Jameson's latest work A Singular Modernity theorizes modernity from the postmodern perspective. The essay would also reflect the arguments of the book in its articulation.
2004 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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539
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161
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The Signification of Arts Popular-Converting--On Benjamin''''s Critics of Popular Culture
While Horkheimer and Adorno interpret popular culture with Critical Theory, Benjamin is interested in finding how modern technology changes the work of art and its relationship with the masses. Two different kinds of consciousness of questioning lead the two different opinions on popular culture. Benjamin thinks that although the duplication of technology make the arts lose their aura, it can also dispel the quality of etiquette about traditional culture, change the mode of people perception and narrow the distance between mass and art. In this sense, popular culture promotes art to be more popular, changes the traditional art's targets which pursue the objectives in future and mix the art and the daily life together. Benjamin emphasizes the importance of converting the art more popular, and his interpretations open up new aspects of thoughts and horizons in the research of popular culture.
2004 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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380
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"Origin Is the Goal":Walter Benjamin''''s Intellectual Itinerary
Walter Benjamin is an important member of the Frankfurt School critics. His intellectual insight stimulated Adorno's idea of "negative dialectics" and "dialectics of enlightenment" which, in turn, constitute the critical foundation of this school of social criticism. But Benjamin's theoretical concerns are not only criticism, but also construction, showing his ethical responsibility as a resistant intellectual of his time. His perspective is very unique in that it is a Janus-faced combination of theology and Marxism. Therefore, the ultimate horizon of his criticism is Messianic redemption which he terms "origin". For him the "origin" is the authentic totality of the world which was smashed to fragments in modernity. Then the purpose of his criticism is to prepare for a theoretical reestablishment of the lost "origin". So the maxim he likes to quote is that "origin is the goal" which actually summarizes his intellectual concerns, namely both criticism and conservation. This essay locates Benjamin in the context of the differences between the Frankfurt School criticism and the Deconstructive criticism, thus revealing the itinerary of his double-leveled criticism clearly.
2004 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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472
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On the Cultural Condition for the Formation of the Cooperation between Countries
2004 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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314
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Expanding the Capability of Peasants''''Coorperation and Loosening Peasants''''Burden
2004 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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314
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Replacing Peasants'''' Public Coorperation with Market
2004 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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357
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People-oriented:Spreading and Transforming
People-oriented idea has a long history in ancient China, although in different periods it has different forms and contents.People are taken as the root of the society and the basis for the carry-out of policitics. Great importance has been taken attached to people's status and roles in the field of social politics, economy andethnic life. The people-oriented idea proposed by CCP is different from that of ancient China in the perspective of social history condition, subjects and goal. In the process of constructing healthy society and creating social modernization with Chinese characteristics, we should not only spread the essence of people-oriented idea of ancient China, but also realize the historical transmission, render new connotaations to the policy of establishing the CCP for the public, reigning for the public.
2004 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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341
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Person-oriented:the Start Point and Destination of the Instruction of Political Civilization
Political civilization is a state of progress for human's political life. The eventual goal of instruction of political civilization is the development and progress for human being. Person-oriented is unification for the individual development and social development. Socialism is a society to realize the general development of human, and person-oriented is the inherent request for the nature of socialism. Therefore, the instruction of socialistic political civilization must insist on person-oriented, which is the start point and destination of the instruction of political civilization.
2004 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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428
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Liang Qi-chao,Zhang Tai-yan,Tan Si-tong and the Modern Cultural Organizations
After the prohibition of Qiang Xue-hui (Intensified Academic Society), Liang Qi-chao, Zhang Tai-yan and Tan Si-tong respectively wrote articles to propagate "the academic society", in which they analyzed the destiny of academic societies in China, highly appraised their function, and made tentative plans for the establishments and activities in future academic societies. The scholarly researches undertaken in the background of academic societies by them are based on the common national and cultural crisis. Serving the goal of reform and salvation of the nation, they could combine the critique of despotic system with the discussion of shortcomings of current scholarly research. Also they criticized Taoist theory, advocated that the national culture should engage in introspection and emphasized the people's initiative. On the other hand, they held different ideas to the relationship between Confucianism and western learning, Confucianism and Buddhism. They also had divergent attitudes towards the key works and how to deal with the interpersonal relationship inside the academic societies. The article has also expounded through the Chinese academic chain from the Reform Movement to post-May 4th Movement during those two to three decades, the functions and the status of the cultural academic organizations, culture aristocratic families, the regional academic schools, the academy, the cultural organizations, the universities and the research institute, etc. It holds that the academic societies during the Reform Movement period is actually the beginning of cultural organizations in this academic chain.
2004 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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542
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Current Situation and Breakthrough on the Study of Chen Xu-jing
Most people paid attention on wholesale westernizations and his culturology theory when they investigated Chen Xu-jing. They always discussed a little about Chen's thought and practice of politics, sociology, anthropology, nationality, history and pedagogics. The relations among these subjects were also neglected. Since they could not find more materials, their views were restricted. Therefore, previous studies could not reflect Chen's learning development. It was very important to investigate the notion origin of Chen's culturology under the background of communication between Chinese and the west, and then to analyze the relatios among subjects which Chen studied, so as to reconstruct Chen's academic system, which can make the study of Chen Xu-jing furtherly.
2004 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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407
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On Liang Qi-chao''''s Moral Salvation of between the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China
Liang Qi-chao mercilessly exposed and animadverted on the social corrupt customs about the moral degenerating and officials' having no sense of honor, scholars having no integrity, paying attention to the private and looking down on the public, name against reality between the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China. He entirely had the annotations on defining the moral concepts, laid stress on regarding loving the nation ethos as the core of the moral, uniting the modern social morality and personal morals, grasping the essence of the moral and its criterions in reason so as to shape the modern ideal personality of China in system. He desired to model the new citizens in order to make the salvation come true, by means of combining having soaring aspirations and cultivating good personal morals, employing both education and guiding, making reconstructing and raising persons work in coordination, moral and system integrating, etc.
2004 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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351
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On the Mode of Phrophetic Narration in Zuo Zhuan
Predictions are frequently made use of in Zuo Zhuan. Predictors are always wizards, officials, and high-ranking officials of the ruling class. Prophesies can be classified into two main categories: a. intuitive and experiential prophesy, in which people are predicted good-luck or ill-luck in line with their appearance, diction and behavior; b. technical and intellectual prophesy, in which success and failure are predicted by means of specific tool or methods, such as astrology. In Zuo Zhuan, the major function of prophesy is to arrange plots, make suspense and advices on politics and ethic. In this way, the mode of prophetic narration in Zuo Zhuan exerts a profound and lasting influence on later historic narration and fictitious narration.
2004 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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461
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The Backyard of Poets in Tang Dynasty--Researching on Daily Life and Literary Creation of Tang''''s Poets from the "Medicine" in Their Poems
Medicine", a word which appeared 1862 times in The Whole Tang Poetries, was closely related with daily life and literary creation of Tang's poets. The poets paid a good deal of attention to life, so that they found several actual functions of medicine; they were so fond of medicine that their relationship with nature beyond their predecessors' in depth and range. They described details about medicine in their poems, such as gathering medicine, washing medicine, smelting medicine, selling medicine, and taking medicine drugs. They regarded medicine herbs garden as a paradise for cultivating their modes and source of their creation of poems. As a result, there were a large number of expressions, images and topics about medicine, which affected the appearance, styles and features of Tang poetry. In conclusion, medicine and herbs garden were the backyards of Tang's poets in both their lives and spirits.
2004 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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368
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Transformation from Parasitic Situation to Pervasion Situation--An Investigation on Criticism Style''''s Original Form of Chinese Literature Theory
Chinese literature theory had no criticism style at its original period. The critical remarks could only exist in various classical culture works. With the critical activity becoming frequent and the critical consciousness growing mature, literature criticism got away from the parasitic situation gradually and started to pervade around. It began to state the literature theory independently and completely by lending the existing styles. Transforming from parasitic situation to pervasion situation, the criticism style's original form of Chinese ancient literature theory, casted into the open, diverse and poetic characteristic of Chinese literary theory bornly.
2004 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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397
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On the German-American Relations from Germany''''s Opposing the War of Anglo-America against Iraq
Germany's opposing the war of America against Iraq publicly is a turning point in the Germany's policy to America. It makes the traditional relations of the two countries cool down. All there result in the contradiction between two countries' international strategy, interests and nations' interests, and as well as Schroeder's sense of nationalism and great power. The shawdow over the German-American relations will not elimilate immediatelly. Their relations will be in a lukewarm situation and the independence of Germany's policy to America will be stengthened which goes with the current of the times .
2004 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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715
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42
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From Insisting on Reunification to Striving for Demarcation:Reviews of the German Policy of GDR,1949-1974
2004 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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382
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On the American Demilitarization Policy toward the Western Occupation Zones in Germany in the Early Post-WWⅡ Era
2004 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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449
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Survey Research in the Study of Contemporary China:Learning from Local Samples
This article sets out what can (and what cannot) be inferred from the unrepresentative samples of the Chinese population that are the basis for most survey research conducted in mainland China. Clearly, a sample of Chinese interviewed in a locality or localities selected for convenience does not reliably represent a larger population of interest. This article shows that, in principle, there is no reason to think of local samples as "case studies". While data from local samples cannot be relied on for descriptions of a larger population along any single dimension, this unrepresentativeness does not necessarily affect generalizability of findings about relationships between variables.
2004 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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418
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The Core-capital Is the Sufficient and Necessary Condition for A Firm to Come Into Being--A Review and Prospect to the Research on the Nature of A Firm
To the nature of a firm or the reason to be a firm, Marxism economics gives its explanation from the interest of devision of the work and the labor. The modern firm theories explore it from a new point of view with the base of transaction costs and provide a principle model for us to process it in-depth and professionally. The paper thinks that, the core-capital's appearance and being identified by the community is the sufficient and necessary condition for a firm to come into being, while the transaction costs of the modern firm theories only answer the necessary condition.
2004 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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393
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On the Behavior of SOE and It''''s Financial Effect in the Transitional Economy
In the transitional economy, the behavior pattern of SOEs can be summarized as "compensating the whole cost", which lead to intensive inflation bias and sustained accumulation of financial risk. Tightening policy will restrain the behavior and bias,and render exposed loan of creditor banks. On the contrary,laissez faire attitude to inflation bias will not only mitigate financial difficulty of SOEs and banks,but also aggravate financial risk and inflation bias. Therefore, there is a vicious circle,which must be broken away from. The only way out is to recognize the behavior pattern of SOEs and its negative financial effects, and draw back the whole state-owned economy into efficacious scale.
2004 Vol. 0 (5): 0-0 [
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370
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