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Quick Search     Adv Search 2019 Vol. 58, No. 3 Published: 2019-05-27 1 Social Organizations in the Situation of Chinese History and Society Zhou Qingzhi In the situation of Chinese history and society， the social organizations exist outside the public system. The functions of social organizations as well as the effects can be described as a form of self-organization of society and an auxiliary form of national governance. Two interrelated questions should be considered about social organizations： on the one hand， in the understanding and concepts of historical participants and social actors， within or only within the framework of national authority can Chinese social organizations realize their existence value of self-coordination and self-construction. On the other hand， whether or not Chinese social organizations become an intermediary form which connects the public system with individuals， through individuals’ free association，their discussion on public topics，their concerns and participation in public affairs， affects or determines the formation of the public system and public policies and plays the role of main body in social governance. 2019 Vol. 58 (3): 1-12 [Abstract] ( 489 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1659 KB)  ( 367 ) 13 Project Match：A New Theory of the Project System Wang Qing Competition is the best way of projects’ contract outsourcing according to liberalism theory. In that case， why don’t local governments choose it but turn to non-competition system？ Based on a case study，this paper analyzes the project match system. The contradiction between the project system and the bureaucracy system is the key factor which pushes the local governments to adopt the way of project match. The way of project match can stimulate the activeness of local governments，promote the development of social organizations and build a new relationship between nation and society. 2019 Vol. 58 (3): 13-19 [Abstract] ( 604 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (987 KB)  ( 206 ) 20 Semi-Embedded Cooperation as a New Explanation of the Development Strategy of Social Organizations——A Case Study on the C Organization in W City Leng Xiangming　　Zhang Jin There are a few main models on the state-society relationship in academia， including civil society and corporatism which were developed based on evidence in western countries， and “Administrative Absorption of Society”， “Administrative Absorption of Service”， “embeddedness”， “two-way embeddedness”， “reversed embeddedness” which were developed based on evidence in China. Through a case study of the development history and the evolution strategy of the C organization in W city， this paper discovers a new type of relationship， named “semi-embedded cooperation”， between the state and society. The “semi-embedded cooperation” is established under dispersed resources and differential functions. Dispersed resources require social organizations to open up new paths for converging resources. However， the development of the market is incomplete and the nature of social organization business needs to be partially embedded in government organizations， so this type of relationship is kind of “semi-embedded”. Because of the need to make up for the “government failure” and “volunteer failure”， and the differences in the attentions of government and social organizations in provision of public services， the full embedding mode gives way to mutually beneficial cooperation， and ultimately forms a “semi-embedded cooperation” relation. 2019 Vol. 58 (3): 20-28 [Abstract] ( 423 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1297 KB)  ( 557 ) 29 On the Defects and Corrections of the Legislation on Requirements for Adopters in China Chen Yehong　　Xiang Huaping There are serious defects in the requirements for adopters in China’s Adoption Law， and the result of the implementation of the Adoption Law is contrary to the legislative purpose. Neither it can encourage citizens to adopt orphans， abandoned or handicapped children， nor is it conducive to the adoptees’ physical and mental health. It has even impeded the good deeds of citizens’ adoption so that most of the minors who should be adopted are not adopted legally. The legislation should add some requirements such as having good behavior and mental health， not having been sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment or other heavier penalties. A person should be able to adopt children of his or her spouse independently. The adoption requirements for foreigners are supposed to be the same with Chinese citizens together with foreign-related adoption notarization. And the legislation should amend the age of adopters to over 25 years old， clarify the specific ability that the adopters should have. The following provisions should be abolished： the adopter must have no children or can only adopt one child； for single men who adopt girls， the age gap between them must be more than forty years. 2019 Vol. 58 (3): 29-39 [Abstract] ( 391 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1675 KB)  ( 414 ) 40 A Discussion on Quasi Liability Issue of Obliged Faithfulness in Marriage Zhang Jiaji　　Miao Yu China’s Marriage Law stipulates that married man and woman should be faithful to their partner， and introduces divorce compensation system. Due to legislator’s evasion of the dispute between the moralization and legalization of faithfulness obligation， judicial practices， on the one hand， intend to recognize faithfulness obligation to be morally obliged， and on the other hand acknowledge that severe violation of faithfulness obligation results in legal consequences such as damage to citizen’s interests. Supreme Court published exemplary cases as well as updated safety net article “other major mistakes” based on Article 46 of Marriage Law from Article 869 of Code of Civil Law-draft aiming to make clear that the one who violates faithfulness obligation should be obliged to take on liability of compensation to the other. Once a certain severity of violation of faithfulness obligation occurs， the one who violates should bear the consequences of marriage annulment which lead to quasi-default of debt liability or liability for breaching contract， including compensation for both material damage and mental damage. 2019 Vol. 58 (3): 40-50 [Abstract] ( 446 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1398 KB)  ( 122 ) 51 Impact of Demographic Changes on Housing Demand——Based on Provincial Panel Data from 2002 to 2016 Deng Hongqian,　　Huang Guan,　　Xu Sheng How does the demographic changes affect housing demand？ This paper analyzes the impact of birth rate and aging on housing demand by establishing a three-period OLG model.The results of theoretical analysis shows that the decline in birth rate will promote housing demand， while the deepening of population aging will reduce housing demand.Then based on the provincial panel data of China from 2002 to 2016， it empirically tests whether housing demand will be affected by birth rate and aging. The empirical results show that under the dynamic panel conditions， the decline in birth rate can explain China’s continuous increase of housing demand in the past 15 years. The population aging and housing demand show a significant positive relationship that is contrary to the theoretical model conclusions. This may be attributed to the value-added effect of real estate in the process of marketization of housing reform in China， and the inter-generational income transfer in the context of “altruism” and family pension rooted in traditional culture. 2019 Vol. 58 (3): 51-59 [Abstract] ( 503 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1123 KB)  ( 312 ) 60 The Target Positioning and Policy Orientation of China’s Housing Provident Fund System Chen Feng, In the debate on the positioning of housing provident funds(HPF)， this paper focuses on the internal hierarchy of various types of positioning， and the connection and difference between the function positioning of HPF， the target group positioning and the system target positioning as well. Furthermore， this paper analyzes the dilemma of ‘inclusive and preferential’，‘mandatory and voluntary’， ‘deposit and fund’ and ‘functions and tools’ which exists in the target orientation. Based on this， this paper proposes that the existence of the system still needs to adhere to the characteristics of compulsory payment， but should take the basic housing as the foothold， reform the institutional tools such as the accumulation， deposit and loan of HPF， adjust the management system， and guide the institutional financial function to ensure housing security so as to break through various difficulties. 2019 Vol. 58 (3): 60-67 [Abstract] ( 530 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1226 KB)  ( 185 ) 68 Professionalism Reconstruction of Advertising Agencies in the Context of De-intermediation Zhou Maojun　　Shen Junhan Along with the rise of the Internet industry and the accelerating process of digital marketing， the global market is undergoing a digital transformation， and the boundary of marketing is constantly being torn down and reconstructed. Some advertisers and big media enterprises build their own digital marketing teams to reduce their cooperation with advertising agencies， and some consulting companies gradually extend their business to the advertising industry. The flaws within advertising agencies have made themselves more vulnerable. As a result， the appeal for “de-intermediation” arises again. In the history of advertising， the call for “de-intermediation” occured twice both because of the lack of “professionalism” of the advertising agency. The third wave of de-intermediation shows its inherent rationality from both technical and market reformation. This paper systematically introduces the evolution of advertising agencies， and suggests that “reconstruction of the professionalism” will be the key path for advertising agencies to regain their market position. 2019 Vol. 58 (3): 68-75 [Abstract] ( 555 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1391 KB)  ( 282 ) 76 The Current Situation and Development Measures of the Confucius Institute's Chinese Film and Television Cultural Communication Li Wei Chinese film and television cultural communication is an area that the Confucius Institute should pay attention to and gradually establish standard in the process of continuous development. By examining the contents， forms and audiences of the Confucius Institute's overseas dissemination of Chinese film and television culture， this paper proposes that on the basis of improving cross-cultural communication awareness， the Confucius Institute should establish a resource base of relevant films and television programmes and cultivate related talents with interdisciplinary views. The Confucius Institute should also establish suitable intercultural communication models of Chinese film and television according to different regions， and develop targeted activities in a variety of ways， with the combination of Chinese learning and cultural communication， the integration of online and offline screening activities， the cooperation of independent promotion and foreign media publicity. 2019 Vol. 58 (3): 76-84 [Abstract] ( 310 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1478 KB)  ( 623 ) 85 Literature Writing in the High-Tech Era Hu Yamin Investigations into revolutionary and positive impacts of high technology on literature writing are overwhelmed by those into threatening and negative influences when the issue of how literature writing and technology are related with each other is addressed. From the perspective of historical materialism that acknowledges the productivity of science and technology， “refusal” and “compensation” coexist in the interaction of literature writing and scientific technology. Collapses of traditional contents， structure， and presentation parallel a newly-opened window for literature writing. Refreshing our understanding of the whole world， high-tech brings about not only new aesthetic experience and imagination but also innovative structure， form and genre， and thus inspires the reconstitution of literary concepts. At the same time， literature writing in the high-tech era requires reflection and transcendence. It is suggested that exertion of attributes and advantages of literature should work with constant vigilance against negative effects of high-tech to propel poetic dwelling in such a high-tech era. 2019 Vol. 58 (3): 85-91 [Abstract] ( 567 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1248 KB)  ( 507 ) 92 Artistic Production： Productive Labor or Non-Productive Labor？ Wan Na At the mature stage， Marx thought deeply about the relationship between productive labor and non-productive labor. This paper discusses Marx’s thinking from three aspects： the relationship between productive labor and capital in general， literature and art as productive labor and as non-productive labor， and the artistic production after emergence of artistic production. By reading the texts of Marx’s economic manuscripts from 1857 to 1858， it can be found that Marx did not conclude whether literature and art are “productive labor” or “non-productive labor”. It shows that he has left a flexible theoretical space in dealing with the special relationship between literature， art and capital. The present artistic production has changed greatly compared to the time when Marx lived. In the new historical context， the relationship between “productive labor” and “non-productive labor” should be re-examined and analyzed carefully， so that literature and art could be repositioned well in social relations， which is significant for the development of the contemporary cultural industry. 2019 Vol. 58 (3): 92-98 [Abstract] ( 745 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1135 KB)  ( 210 ) 99 Elaboration of Mao Zedong and Louis Althusser on “Primacy of Relations of Production” Yan Fang This article argues that the proposition of “the primacy of relations of production” made by French Marxist theorist Louis Althusser should be regarded as a Mao-Althusser’s proposition， because it was based on Mao Zedong’s theoretical foundation that Althusser built such a proposition and his historical materialism which was linked to neither Darwinism nor economism. 2019 Vol. 58 (3): 99-107 [Abstract] ( 498 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1117 KB)  ( 227 ) 108 Topers’ Real Thoughts： The Confrontations in Barney Kiernan’s in Ulysses Zeng Yanbing　　Hu Qiuran Being well-known for drinking and intemperance， with Irish pubs prevailing in the West， the Irish have their special rule of standing a round of drinks， namely， hospitality. James Joyce’s Ulysses has established a close connection between hospitality and nationalistic discourses，which is regrettably rarely discussed. While the cause of the confrontations between the citizen and Bloom in the episode “Cyclops” seems to be racialism，this essay argues that the unspoken principle of hospitality is the engine of the plot. The heteroglossia of rounds of drinks and talks in the masterpiece renders richer and more complex nationalism than the politics of the author himself. 2019 Vol. 58 (3): 108-114 [Abstract] ( 586 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1358 KB)  ( 771 ) 115 A Comparative Study on Duras and Atwood——From the Perspective of Eco-Feminism Xiao Ling Marguerite Duras and Margaret Atwood have great influence on the world’s literature in the 20th century. Although their creations started before the formation of the eco-feminist theory， and their creative periods， creative styles and creative languages were different， the two writers’ life experiences and creative themes were implicitly coincided with the main ideas of eco-feminism. Both of them believe that women have a naturally intimate relationship with nature， and they criticize the male’s “invasion” of women and nature. Their works reveal women’s pain in the “gender” imbalance and call for gender equality and ecological balance. Observing their works from the perspective of eco-feminism，we can find out the similarities between the two writers’ creations which is also beneficial for the development of eco-feminism theory. 2019 Vol. 58 (3): 115-120 [Abstract] ( 669 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1122 KB)  ( 415 ) 121 Taoism in the Western Han Dynasty——Rethinking Huang-Lao Xiong Tieji In the Western Han Dynasty， Taoism was closely related to the sacrificial ceremony of the state. The state sacrificial ceremony mainly offered sacrifices to the “Tai Yi” ， which was also the main god of Huang-Lao， the main Taoist sect of the time. Besides， Taoists participated in and were the main members of the state sacrificial ceremony. Due to the need to worship gods and immortals，many temples and shrines were built in the Western Han Dynasty，and more and more Taoists claimed to be able to communicate with the gods. Additionally most of the Taoists belonged to the Huang-Lao sect. The Taoist scriptures of this period were characterized by rich content and sources. The funeral rites then also reflected the characteristics of Taoism. It can be proved that Taoism has already existed in the Western Han Dynasty and Huang-Lao sect was the main sect. 2019 Vol. 58 (3): 121-127 [Abstract] ( 1968 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1406 KB)  ( 318 ) 128 An Overview of the Discoveries and Research of Shushu(数术) Written on Bamboo and Silk (1949－2019) Yan Changgui　　Lian Chao The discoveries and research of Shushu(数术) written on bamboo and silk over the 70 years of the founding of the People’s Republic of China can be divided into three stages. Through the research of Shushu， we can basically restore the basic features of the bibliography of books in Han Shu (《汉书·艺文志》). The research has achieved remarkable results in the fields of text collation，history of science，history of social life，folk beliefs and early Taoism，and history of mathematics. In addition， two points should be emphasized in future work：one is to strengthen the teamwork and international cooperation， and the other is to explore the origin and reconstruct a new system of history of early Shushu. 2019 Vol. 58 (3): 128-141 [Abstract] ( 604 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2438 KB)  ( 859 ) 142 The Historical Writing of the Rome City Construction and the Construction of Roman Identity Cai Lijuan The historical writing of the Romen city construction was a way of shaping the image of the Roman state and building the identity as a “Roman”. The traditional narrative centering around the construction by Romulus built the concept of “Roman” from three aspects. Firstly，the legends about twins and female wolves were transformed from the local legends to the cultural identity as “Roman”. Secondly，the Sabine woman’s story built the “Roman” into an open rather than a closed group. The Roman state and society were ethnic networks built by the blood and marriage of Italians， and were open and pluralistic. Thirdly，the early experience of Romulus was externalized as a link with Greek culture. Through the king’s lineage，the Romans became a member of the Greek cultural circle. These elements of Roman history in the 3rd century BC had been preserved. By the 1st century BC，Romulus became the founder and institutional maker of the Roman state，a hero in Roman history. As a carrier of Roman identity， the mission of Romulus was completed and then replaced by the imperial mythology. 2019 Vol. 58 (3): 142-152 [Abstract] ( 553 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1697 KB)  ( 1069 ) 153 On the Policy of Prisoners of War of the United States Federal Government during the Civil War Luo Chao The war experience formed the three principles of American policy of prisoners of war， which were reciprocal exchange，moderate retaliation and nonrecognition of the prisoner’s identity of particular combatant groups. These principles worked throughout the handling of prisoners in the Civil War. In the early stage of the Civil War， taking the “Davis event” as an opportunity， President Lincoln was forced to acquiesce in the belligerent identity of the Confederacy， which laid the foundation for the Prisoner General Exchange Cartel signed on July 22， 1863. The “Fort Pillow incident” became an important turning point in federal policy of prisoners of war. Ulysses Grant banned the exchange of prisoners of war due to the defense of the prisoner rights of black soldiers. It was not until the presidential election in November 1864 that the Lincoln administration resumed a special exchange aimed at wounded prisoners of war in order to reduce public pressure and woo voters. As a victim of military and political interests，prisoners of war were used as an important propaganda tool by both sides. 2019 Vol. 58 (3): 153-162 [Abstract] ( 668 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1648 KB)  ( 510 ) 163 On the Social Roots of Examination-Oriented Education Qi Wunian The criticizing and governing of examination-oriented education are underway， but with little success， which elicit the academia's questioning on the roots of examination-oriented education. In consideration of people's cognitive biases about the concept of examination-oriented education， this paper borrows the concept of examinationism in Chinese context to define it. At present， the discussions of the roots of examinationism are mostly based on the micro-views， such as teaching epistemology， teaching double-base goal theory， as well as the meso-views such as the shortage of higher education resources， the habitus theory about college entrance examinations， the mechanism of examinationism， and the traceability theory of imperial examinations. However， these perspectives are mostly tumbling in Münchhausen Trilemma， accompanied by determinism and fatalism. It is necessary to examine its external forces to “detach” education-oriented link from other various links of education and take precedence over education. It can be an attempt to examine the social roots of examinationism from the perspectives of social inequality and social mobility， crisis of trust， and divided social system. The emergence of examination-oriented education is the reflection of social characteristics in the educational system. The mode of social mobility in China is manifested mainly as asylum mobility. Emphasis on education is a cultural product with Chinese characteristics. In addition， at the turn of the century， the expansion of higher education has increased the opportunities for lower- and middle-class children to go to university. The social transmission mechanism of social inequality involves students (and families) more actively in educational competition. The objective preference of evaluation criteria makes the results of examination-oriented education better than those of quality education， which further strengthens the organizational operation of examination-oriented education. The emergence of objective preference is not rooted in the “moral vacuum” of social integrity in China， but lies in the conflict between the universalist trust model reflecting the order of public life and the traditional Chinese particularist trust model in the transform of society. In fact， the current examinationism system is closely related to the characteristics of Chinese social organizations.The organizational chain of examination-oriented education is the utilization and reflection of the features of the separated and closed social organizations in the background of the administrative contract system and promotion tournament system. In view of the governance of this complex problem， it is necessary to build up a big theoretical framework with logical consistency adapting to China’s national conditions. 2019 Vol. 58 (3): 163-174 [Abstract] ( 588 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1970 KB)  ( 655 ) 175 The Nationalization of Professional Art Education during the Period of Total Counter-Japanese War Hou Yunhan　　Yu Zixia The rise of the new realism， focusing on representing the social reality of China during the period of the total Counter-Japanese War， led to its leading position in Western painting teaching， which drove the deepening of the exploration of the sinicization of Western painting. At the same time， it triggered the practice of nationalization in other fields， changed the condition of pre-war professional art education and continued its previous business and influence during the post-war period as an important force in professional art teaching. The nationalization of professional art education has had a tremendous historical impact on the concepts， methods and practical paths of professional art education in the middle and late 20th century. 2019 Vol. 58 (3): 175-184 [Abstract] ( 317 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2065 KB)  ( 601 ) 185 The Non-scientific Factors Influencing the Definition of Mental Illness Wu Jue　　Li Dan　　Ren Zhihong　　Jiang Guangrong The definition of mental illness is a fundamental topic in psychiatry and is influenced by both scientific and non-scientific factors. Based on the historical evidence of the development of psychiatry，some non-scientific factors influencing the definition of mental illness can be summarized as well as their negative influences， In addition， this paper puts forward some suggestions to deal with these non-scientific factors. 2019 Vol. 58 (3): 185-192 [Abstract] ( 362 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (966 KB)  ( 234 )

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