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Quick Search     Adv Search 2019 Vol. 58, No. 5 Published: 2019-09-27 1 A Systematic Review and Experience Summary of the Student Financial Assistance Work in the PRC Fan Xianzuo　　Tang Bin　　Guo Qingyang The student financial assistance is one of the important contents and measures of promoting social fairness. Chinese government pays high attention to students with family financial difficulties， and builds up a student financial assistance system ranging from preschool education to graduate education. Tens of millions of students with family financial difficulties get the opportunities to successfully enter school and complete their studies，which can be conducive to block intergenerational transmission of poverty. 2019 Vol. 58 (5): 1-15 [Abstract] ( 479 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2040 KB)  ( 460 ) 16 Adherence and Breakthrough： The Chinese Approach for the Development of College Entrance Examination in the Past 70 Years Zheng Ruoling　　Pang Ying In the past 70 years， the Chinese college entrance examination has taken the history and culture as the logical starting point， the responsibility of the country for the people as the value orientation， the formal change of the fair as the basic bottom line， and the scientific content change as an unremitting breakthrough. There were adherence and breakthroughs that eventually formed a Chinese model. The Chinese college entrance examination must balance the rights and interests of relevant subjects， analyze the foundational attribution of the college entrance examination， pay attention to the education evaluation system and its guiding role， and confront the problem of the resource allocation of higher education. Chinese college entrance examination reform must be based on national conditions of China， focus on Chinese issues， and improve Chinese approach. Only in this way can we overcome the difficulties and achieve a development through reforms. 2019 Vol. 58 (5): 16-24 [Abstract] ( 482 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1384 KB)  ( 287 ) 25 The Evolution and Prospect of China’s Preschool Education Supply Model from 1949 to 2019 Cai Yingqi　　Wang Jiayue　　Zhang Liang The supply model of preschool education in China has undergone three evolutions from 1949 to 2019， from a unit-welfare-based supply model to a market-led diversified one and then to a government-led diversified one. China’s contemporary preschool education has distinctive features： the value rationality is increasingly evident； the multiple subjects co-operate in running education； the supply mechanism is gradually improved； the total supply is expanding， and the inclusive beneficial kindergarten is constantly developing； the supply structure tends to be optimized； the scope of supply is broader； the supply form is more convenient and integrated. Looking forward to the future， we should adhere to the rational integration of the two supply concepts of preschool education， straighten out the relationship among the preschool education supply subjects， strengthen the compensation for the disadvantaged groups in preschool education， enrich the supply forms of preschool education. We are also supposed to improve governance and enhance the quality of preschool education supply to meet the people’s good expectations of it. 2019 Vol. 58 (5): 25-37 [Abstract] ( 661 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2042 KB)  ( 537 ) 38 Towards 2035： The Target Orientation of China’s Education Modernization Yang Xiaowei The important programmatic document 2035 of China’s Education Modernization has realized the transformation from “docking 2030” to “docking 2035”. The theme of “docking 2030” is the sustainable development of education， while the theme of 2035 is education modernization. These two themes have a high degree of internal consistency，but have respective emphasis. Parsing the main problems in the modernization of education，the prerequisite basis for the designing of the future goals of education development in China can be found. Since the current major contradiction in our society has transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing needs for better lives and the inadequate imbalanced development，which reflects in the field of education as the overall imbalance and inadequacy， various solutions practiced in various places in recent years have important implications for the design of the future goals of education development. The key to carry out the grand goal is to refine the goal. The goal refinement is the necessary premise for the partition， classification， stratification and step-by-step promotion of education modernization. The essence of goal refinement lies in “strategic docking”. The basic principle of goal refinement is the unity of generality and individuality，and the partiton， classification， and stratification of promoting education modernization requires precise guidance of fine goals. 2019 Vol. 58 (5): 38-44 [Abstract] ( 654 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1048 KB)  ( 1287 ) 45 Achievements， Problems and Prospects of the Implementation of Education Poverty Alleviation in China——Based on the Survey of 18 Key Poverty-Alleviation Counties (Districts) in 6 Provinces of Central and Western China Fu Weidong　　Zeng Xin Education poverty alleviation is the most direct and effective way of targeted poverty alleviation. Based on the survey of 180 rural primary and secondary schools in 18 key poverty-alleviation counties (districts) of 6 provinces in central and western China， it is found that the education poverty alleviation has achieved preliminary success： a “full coverage” financial assistance system for impoverished students ranging from preschool education to higher education has been established； the problem of students’ malnutrition in poverty-stricken areas has been alleviated； the shortage of infrastructure construction in rural schools has been covered； the shared development of urban-rural compulsory education has been realized； the construction of teaching staff in rural poverty-stricken areas has been strengthened. At the same time， there are still many problems in education poverty alleviation， the overlook of the long-term and arduous nature of education poverty alleviation， the relatively lagging of the targeted identification mechanism in poverty alleviation， the relatively insufficient investment in software construction in rural schools， the less attention paid to the all-round development and endogenous motivation of impoverished students， and the relative simplification and equalization of the support measures for impoverished students. Therefore， this paper puts forward some suggestions： strengthen the top-level design of the policy of education poverty alleviation， pay attention to the all-round development and endogenous motivation of impoverished students， and put emphasis on the quality improvement of school education in poverty-stricken areas. 2019 Vol. 58 (5): 45-56 [Abstract] ( 616 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2000 KB)  ( 938 ) 57 The Origin and Development of Western Regulatory Science and Its Implications for China’s Regulatory Reform Liu Peng　　Zhong Xiao The concept of regulatory science is a practical science to promote policy-making quality by the applications of new technology，tools and methods. The key points of regulatory science is how to strike a balance between scientific and political factors in public policy-making process. Many questions are concerned by western regulatory science researchers including the definition of politics and policy， and their boundaries. The development of western regulatory science can be divided into three stages ranging from separatism to dual combination， and then to demarcation and negotiation. This paper attempts to track different stages and practical models in western regulatory science development，summarizing their research consensus and differences， and then proposes some policy implications for China’s evidence-based regulatory science system formation. 2019 Vol. 58 (5): 57-70 [Abstract] ( 375 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2089 KB)  ( 461 ) 71 Exploring Meta-Regulation in China： A Case Study of Implementing the Primary Responsibility of Production Safety in Production Work Units Yang Binglin Meta-regulation， arisen in the western countries， mainly refers to the governments’ regulation on the self-regulation of production work units. In China， meta-regulation has already been put into practice，but it still lacks deep theoretical understanding in the academia. Due to the lack of theoretical guidance，the development of meta-regulation in practice falls into chaos. This paper first theoretically expounds the key principle of meta-regulation，which is to transfer production work units from closed organizations to open ones with three main channels：top leaders of units， internal self-regulatory departments and personnel and internal management systems. By studying the case of implementing the primary responsibility of production safety in production work units in China，it then deeply analyzes the implementation of meta-regulation in China，its characteristics and problems from the perspectives of the three channels mentioned. The aim of this paper is to provide guidance for the practice of meta-regulation and evidence for the applicability of meta-regulation in China. 2019 Vol. 58 (5): 71-84 [Abstract] ( 592 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2006 KB)  ( 1349 ) 85 Institution Enforcement and Incentive Mechanisms：An Analytical Framework of Food Safety Regulation Dilemma in China Zhao Juan The regulation system and capability of governments is the key component of modernization of China’s system and capacity for governance. From the perspective of institutional incentive theory， this paper tries to build a theoretical framework to understand the current situation of food safety problems and the regulators’ behavior strategies in China. On the basis of interviewing food safety regulators across four provinces， the paper proposes that regulators’ behavior choices in the process of enforcing institutions are shaped under the incentive of its institutional environment involving formal and informal institutions. Four incentive mechanisms shape the regulator’s behavior choice， which are incentive mechanisms of attention distribution， opportunistic behavior，softly-restrained commitment as well as career promotion. What needs to be paid attention to is that the incentive mechanisms of attention distribution and career promotion affect each other， and the incentive mechanisms of opportunistic behavior and softly-restrained commitment reinforce each other. It also finds out that the positive incentive brought by institutions may be transformed into the opposite one in the process of enforcing institutions. 2019 Vol. 58 (5): 85-93 [Abstract] ( 503 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1451 KB)  ( 678 ) 94 Research on the Entrepreneurship Incubation Chain of Professional Farmers with Family Farms——From the Perspective of Service Supply Wang Zhi　　Yu Tan The main bodies of entrepreneurship incubation in the external environment play an important role in the entrepreneurship incubation of professional farmers with family farms. From the perspective of service supply，the government’s support for farmers’ entrepreneurship can be regarded as providing a series of policy services. The various entrepreneurship resources needed by professional farmers in the process of entrepreneurship are provided jointly by governments，market，service agencies and other main bodies， and need the coordination and support of multiple subjects. This paper regards governments， market， financial service institutions， intermediary service institutions and communities as the main entrepreneurship incubators of professional farmers， and constructs a five-stage entrepreneurship incubation chain of professional farmers with family farms. By interviewing a large number of family farmers in rural areas of Hubei， Hunan and Anhui provinces and collecting questionnaires，this paper empirically analyzes the different impacts of entrepreneurship incubators on entrepreneurship incubation chain and five stages of entrepreneurship activities. The results show that external incubators have a significantly positive impact on entrepreneurial intention， resource acquisition， entrepreneurial behavior and entrepreneurial performance of professional farmers in the process of entrepreneurship， but the impact on opportunity identification and evaluation has not passed the significance test. In addition， entrepreneurship activities in each stage of the entrepreneurship incubation chain have a significantly positive impact on the next stage of entrepreneurship. 2019 Vol. 58 (5): 94-108 [Abstract] ( 376 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1800 KB)  ( 240 ) 109 Forecast of the Peak of China’s Carbon Dioxide Emissions Based on the Green Solow Model Fu Zhe　　Yan Jianye　　Sun Yanmei　　He Jing This paper improves the classical theoretical model of the environmental Kuznets curve，the Green Solow Model on the establishment of the micro-foundation， and calibrates the parameters according to Chinese economic data. The results support the general trends of Chinese data and the conclusions made by domestic empirical researches from perspectives of theory and numerical simulation. Furthermore，through the numerical simulation method，it uses the theoretical model for the first time to predict the Kuznets curve inflection point of China’s carbon dioxide emissions (around 2030)， which is highly consistent with China’s 2020 and 2030 emission reduction targets. Finally，based on the counterfactual analysis of changing environmental governance expenditures， it finds that the acceleration of emission reduction technological progress is more effective than improving governance expenditures in terms of accelerating the reduction of total emissions. 2019 Vol. 58 (5): 109-121 [Abstract] ( 834 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1615 KB)  ( 377 ) 122 Solutions to Psychodynamic Puzzles Based on Comparative Research Gao Xinmin　　Zhang Wenlong The problem of psychodynamics or psychological causality is a relatively independent research field in modern philosophy of mind and philosophy of action. In order to construct the scientific dynamics of mentality，we should not only be sensitive to the existing achievements of the West，but also pay attention to the explorations of the East， especially the discoveries of Chinese philosophers. Mental phenomenon is not an epiphenomenon， but can exist and play a role as a motive cause， because it may contain subtle matter and energy， or be inseparable with them. For this reason， the mental thing can not only come and go among various objects and present with various mental patterns in a complicated mental world， but also can “activate self and activate others” and become the reason for acting on the body and the outside world. 2019 Vol. 58 (5): 122-132 [Abstract] ( 483 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1503 KB)  ( 384 ) 133 A Modernity Reflection on Walking Out of “Adorno Model” Lu Hongxia The critical theory represented by Adorno’s cultural industry theory is the first paradigm of Chinese mass culture criticism， which holds the standpoint and methodology of total negation of mass culture， and is called “Adorno model”. This paradigm has not influenced the critical discourse of Chinese mass culture for a long time， and was soon criticized and denied. The intelligentsia has criticized and reflected on “Adorno model” from multiple perspectives， and experienced a deep thinking process from literature to philosophy and from modernization to modernity. After examining the three approaches of criticism， negation and reflection of contemporary Chinese liberalism， post-modernism and Marxism out of “Adorno model”， this paper further analyzes the conceptual differences of these three approaches on Chinese modernity， so as to deeply reveal the advantages and vitality of Marxism in contemporary China. 2019 Vol. 58 (5): 133-139 [Abstract] ( 535 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1117 KB)  ( 178 ) 140 Transliteration and Loan Words： A Perspective from the Nature of Language Zhang Junfeng Language is a particular set of social and conventionalized constraints on inference of conveyed information， reflecting language speakers’ perceptions and conceptions of the external world. This is the commonality of all languages. Different languages arbitrarily constrain different functional domains in different manners and to different degrees. This is what makes language differ. Language in nature is a set of cognition-driven social convention and constraints on inference of received information. In the light of this view on the nature of language， transliteration and loan words are two means of overcoming incommensurability through borrowing the phonetic form of another language， i.e. the cognitive signifier， for a projection and exploration of the signified. The viability of transliterated words and loan words is dependent on two factors， the need for constraining inference of the newly transplanted information， and the compatibility of the words with the constraining rules of the receptor language in terms of phonology and morphology. 2019 Vol. 58 (5): 140-145 [Abstract] ( 576 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1023 KB)  ( 328 ) 146 On the Core Meaning of Chinese Middle Construction and Its Grammatical Values： A Cognitive Perspective Li Ye　　Wang Jingzhi A construction has multiple meanings which are all based on a core meaning. The core meaning is grammatically important because it restricts both the choice of verbs as well as the metaphorical extension of the construction. The core meaning of “NP (non-agent)＋VP＋Qilai＋AP” is concerned with the influence of a certain property of NP on the fulfillment of NP’s prototype function. The verb denoting NP’s prototype function can be accepted by the construction without being subjected to any restrictions； while the construction with other verbs， however， cannot be interpreted without the specific context due to the weak “cognitive association” between the verb and NP. Metaphorical extension of the construction is based on the core meaning. If NP is metaphorized， the co-occurrence of the target and the source is required， and meanwhile only verbs concerning the prototype of the source is admitted. 2019 Vol. 58 (5): 146-152 [Abstract] ( 427 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1218 KB)  ( 139 ) 153 Dating the Institution of the Hellanodikai in the Olympic Games Xu Xiaoxu Pausanias (5.9.5) records that nine Hellanodikai were installed in the 25th Olympiad (680 BC)，wherein the “25th” is usually identified as a textual corruption. Various emendations，however，are all logically defective. A synthetic analysis of the List of Olympic Victors as well as other documents and archaeological data demonstrates that Pausanias’ record is tenable. 2019 Vol. 58 (5): 153-169 [Abstract] ( 402 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2470 KB)  ( 490 ) 170 The Impact of the USA in the Process of China-Japan Diplomatic Relations and Its Historical Enlightenment Sun Yandi In the early days of the PRC，China and Japan failed to bury the hatchet because the United States set up barriers between China and Japan. In the early 1970s， the two countries finally turned hostility into amity， owing to the change that the United States gave up the anti-China policy and supported Japan’s diplomatic ties with China.The China-US relations， especially American attitude to the China-Japan relations directly affects the process and result of the normalization of diplomatic ties between China and Japan. The impact of USA has both positive and negative effects on the China-Japan diplomatic ties. On the one hand，before the US-Japan’s master-slave relationship changes，the US-Japan relations will be much closer than China-Japan relations，so any desire to change the situation in a short term is unfounded. On the other hand， because Japan’s policy toward China will be long-term in compliance with the US’ Asia-Pacific strategy and the Us’ China policy， building a new model of major-country relations between China and the United States is one of the main ways to the improve China-Japan relations in the future. 2019 Vol. 58 (5): 170-175 [Abstract] ( 664 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1021 KB)  ( 237 ) 176 Rural Cadastration in the Period of Nanjing Kuomingtang Government——An Unfinished Transformation Li Tieqiang The Kuomingtang government’s cadastration is based on two objectives： to increase the government’s fiscal revenue while reducing the burden of farmers， to realize the ideal of equalization of land ownership through the policy of levying land prices and premiums. The measures of cadastration include land surveying and land registration. The ways of land survey include land reporting，simple measurement of land and cadastre surveying. The influential cadastration only achieved some limited results. Because of the restrictions of the government’s control capacity and the lowness of land measurement technology， the lack of the government’s financial resources， the impediment of the local bureaucracy，and no support from the rural society， there is a huge gap between policy expectations and actual effects. 2019 Vol. 58 (5): 176-185 [Abstract] ( 499 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1604 KB)  ( 650 ) 186 On the Identity of the New Army in the Late Qing Dynasty Liu Fang The New Army in the late Qing dynasty was an important product of the Qing government’s learning from the west and self-reliance. As far as the whole country is concerned， the New Army can be divided into two systems： the Beiyang system and the non-Beiyang system. The two systems have consistency in the aspect of identity，but there are great differences between them. In the context of the national crisis in the late Qing dynasty， both the two New Army had the sense of national consciousness， but they had quite different attitudes towards revolutionary identity. Under the control of Yuan Shikai， the Beiyang New Army was greatly influenced by the traditional loyalty culture and had a low degree of recognition of the revolution，while the non-Beiyang New Army， especially the Hubei New Army， was influenced by the nationalist ideas of military students who had studied in Japan， and had a high degree of recognition of the revolution and a low degree of loyalty to the Qing dynasty，which paved the way for the outburst of the 1911 Revolution. The recognition of revolution by the Southern New Army contributed to the independence of the southern provinces， while the loyalty of the Northern New Army changed from the Qing dynasty to Yuan Shikai， and the Northern New Army persuaded the Qing emperor to abdicate in accordance with the will of Yuan Shikai under the pretext of “republic”. The privatization tendency of the Beiyang New Army laid the foundation for the subsequent warlords regimes. 2019 Vol. 58 (5): 186-192 [Abstract] ( 638 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1268 KB)  ( 365 )

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