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Quick Search     Adv Search 2021 Vol. 60, No. 3 Published: 2021-05-27 1 The Basic Experience of the Communist Party of China in Leading the Revolution and Construction of China Wang Huaichao　　Zhang Rui Since the founding of the Communist Party of China 100 years ago， it has been committed to the causes ranging from the national independence and the liberation of the people to the prosperity and rejuvenation of the nation， and people’s well-being. Great achievements of historical significance have attracted worldwide attention. The Communist Party has accumulated rich experience from the leadership in the course of the revolution and construction of China. In summary， there are six major aspects. First， the CPC always stands in the forefront of the times， conforms to the trend of the times， and remains the facilitators of the times. Second， the leading ideology of the CPC is a scientific theory. Third， the CPC has clear strategic goals for development. Fourth， the CPC finds a path for development in accordance with China’s national conditions. Fifth， The CPC has a strong nucleus of leadership. Sixth， the CPC always keeps a pragmatic spirit of emancipating the mind， exploring and innovating， and pioneering the enterprise with painstaking efforts. 2021 Vol. 60 (3): 1-6 [Abstract] ( 943 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (852 KB)  ( 708 ) 7 The Centenary Struggle of the CPC and the Establishment and Development of the New Type of Political Party System in China Zhong Detao The new type of political party system in China grows in the course of the CPC’s 100-year struggle. It formed in the period of the new-democratic revolution. Its official formation was marked by the convening of the new CPPCC in 1949 and the foundation of the Central People’s Government of the People’s Republic of China. It was officially established when the multi-party cooperation policy was confirmed at the 8th National Congress of the CPC， from which began its exploratory construction. It entered the period of institutional construction when the 13th National Congress of the CPC put forward the concept of the system of CPC-led multiparty cooperation and political consultation. It developed continually in the new era of reform and opening up， and socialist modernization. As socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era，it finalizes the design. 2021 Vol. 60 (3): 7-17 [Abstract] ( 523 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1304 KB)  ( 444 ) 18 From “Chinicization” to “Chinese Discourse”： The Transformation and Steadiness of the CPC’s Revolutionary Discourse Wang Jianguo　　Tian Na Looking back over the past hundred years， the revolutionary discourse of the Communist Party of China(CPC) has experienced the development from paraphrased exteriority revolutionary discourse to the preliminary exploration of Chinicization of revolutionary discourse， and then to the expanding of the revolutionary discourse connotation which is based on the constructional practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Eventually， the practical and theoretical forms of revolutionary “Chinese discourse” with Chinese characteristics has been independently and consciously elucidated， and the contemporary revolutionary discourse system which is endowed with the characteristics of Chinese civilization and style in the content and form has been established as well. The reason that the CPC consciously promotes the revolutionary discourse to keep pace with the times， lies in the conclusion that our party always adheres to the methodology of historical materialism， and unswervingly promotes the development of socialism in order to finally realize the ideal of communism. Besides， this is not only due to the need of the great social practice of the CPC that leading the Chinese people to fight for， but also because of the CPC’s mission awareness. Although the expression of revolutionary discourse has been changing constantly， and the connotation of revolution has been expanding as well， the discourse subject， theoretical basis， oriented target and value purport of revolutionary discourse remain all the time. 2021 Vol. 60 (3): 18-26 [Abstract] ( 572 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1140 KB)  ( 751 ) 27 Basic Pattern， Generating Factors and Future Trends of Rural Governance Reform in the New Era——A Qualitative Research Based on “the First Batch of Typical Cases of National Rural Governance” Zhang Lirong　　Wang Yuqi Based on the historical position of the new era， using the qualitative research paradigm of Grounded Theory and the visualization tool of “vocabulary cloud”， this paper reviews and analyzes the “first batch of typical cases of national rural governance” issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas in June， 2019. Firstly， it figures outs the basic pattern of rural governance reform in the new era from five dimensions， which are giving full play to the Party’s core leadership role in rural grassroots governance， improving the institutional chain to standardize the operation of rural governance， using a variety of policy tools to implement rural governance policies， mobilizing local positive factors to build the internal driving force of rural governance， highlighting the integration of three kinds of governance to lead the direction of rural governance. Then， from the five aspects， this paper analyzes the generating factors of the basic pattern of rural governance reform in the new era， such as the whole society’s new understanding of rural value， the local government’s strong promotion of governance championship， the rising willingness of non-governmental subjects to participate in rural governance， the enlightenment of urban governance experience and the strong support of mobile information technology. On this basis， combined with the causes of the existing pattern and the new variables of economic and social development， this paper reveals the trend of rural governance innovation in the future from five aspects， including paying more attention to the leadership and integration role of the Party in rural governance， paying more attention to maintaining the stability and safety of rural communities， paying more attention to exploring new models of intelligent rural governance， paying more attention to improving the efficiency of rural governance in the central and western regions， paying more attention to a rural social governance community of “everyone has responsibility， everyone is responsible， everyone enjoys”. 2021 Vol. 60 (3): 27-34 [Abstract] ( 539 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1615 KB)  ( 914 ) 35 How to Achieve High-Quality Deliberation： Developing the Deliberation System in Elements-Procedures-Rules——Evaluation of Five Rural Community Deliberation Experiments Zhang Dawei The new stage of development calls for a new vision of development. To improve the system of democratic consultation at the community level and enhance the effectiveness of community governance， we need to raise the quality of deliberation. Good deliberation standards are constantly evolving， and the second generation gradually moves towards assimilation and consensus on the basis of the expansion of the first generation. Through sorting out five sample cases of deliberation in the first batch of experimental areas of rural community governance in China， this paper finds that the operation of the deliberation process is carried out in the elements， procedures and rules. Based on international theories and local practice， the evaluation index system of deliberation system based on “elements-procedure-rules” can be constructed. In general， a deliberation system composed of three basic elements is required for high-quality deliberation. Firstly， the establishment of a deliberation system contains six elements， including deliberation subject， deliberation place， deliberation entity， communication process， transformation process and implementation process. Secondly， there are eight procedural standards that constitute the deliberation system， generally including the proposal of topics， the determination of topics， the organization of deliberation， the supporting environment， the empowerment of personnel， the communication and dissemination， the supervision of deliberation and the application of results. Thirdly， the rules and standards developed by the nine classical elements in accordance with the regulations of the deliberation system generally include the inclusive expansion of the nine classical indicators such as respect， disempowerment， equality， rationality， consensus， improvement， openness， accountability， and sincerity. This can provide a reference for the upcoming 1000 or so village-level deliberation experiments， as well as comprehensive rural revitalization and improvement of social governance effectiveness through deliberation practice. 2021 Vol. 60 (3): 35-46 [Abstract] ( 361 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1453 KB)  ( 455 ) 47 Policy of Equalization of Basic Public Services： Evolutionary Process and Strategic Adjustment in the New Development Stage——From the Perspective of Public Value Theory Zhang Qichun　　Yang Junyun Correctly grasping the evolutionary logic and future direction of the policy of equalization of basic public services is of great significance to satisfy the people’s urgent needs for a better life and realize the two centenary strategic goals. Based on the policy text from 2002 to 2020， from the perspective of public value theory， it is not difficult to find that the equalization of basic public services has experienced three stages， including policy agenda (2002－2006)， policy pilots (2007－2011)， systematic planning and comprehensive promotion (2012－2020)， which is manifested in the policy evolutionary logic of seeking， determining and creating public value，highlighting the characteristics of the government’s top-down campaign-style governance. The equalization policy in the new development stage is facing new challenges such as “new contradictions”， “new structures”， “new technologies” and “new epidemics”， as well as new requirements to match the modernization of national governance and high-quality development， which is bound to bring significant influence on the policy’s coverage population， supply structure， service methods， resource allocation， financial support and governance strategies. It is recommended to promote the transformation of equalization policy from campaign-style governance to normalized governance from the aspects of strengthening the institutional supply of normalized governance， perfecting the basic public service legal system， improving the policy implementation ability and strengthening the policy performance evaluation. 2021 Vol. 60 (3): 47-56 [Abstract] ( 769 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1438 KB)  ( 487 ) 57 Understanding Poverty Alleviation through Microfinance in China： Measurement，Direction，and Mechanisms of Policy Change Zhu Yapeng　　Zhang Tingting As an effective tool for poverty reduction， microfinance has become an important part of China’s poverty alleviation strategy since the late 1990s. Existing research mainly focuses on different types of microfinance institutions and projects and their impacts， neglecting the development of the policy and its driving forces. Based on an account of microfinance policy development process in China since 1996， this paper analyses the scope， content， and direction of policy changes by using the policy six-elements model developed by Howlett and Cashore. It argues that the development of microfinance policy in China presents a more complex policy dynamic than that suggested by Peter Hall’s model，which indicates a “progressive incremental” mode of policy change. To be specific，in our case，the policy elements at the abstract level have remained relatively stable throughout the whole period，while considerable changes have taken place at the procedural and operational levels. That is to say， gradual and incremental changes could foster to a major change，where a new policy equilibrium replaces the original one. During this process， policy learning， political environment change， and policy entrepreneurs in the focusing events have played a crucial role in promoting policy changes. This research concludes by discussing the significance and possible application of the policy six-elements model in exploring the process of policy change in the future. 2021 Vol. 60 (3): 57-67 [Abstract] ( 344 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1479 KB)  ( 334 ) 83 The Value Appeal and Practical Character of Public Communication Liu Jie Although public communication gradually presents a relatively clear academic spectrum， it is still vague and endowed with a number of academic imaginations with different or even contradictory value orientations. In practice， it is also reduced to a purely technical understanding and application. Its value dimension and practical character are obscured， which limit the imagination space and value concern of communication research， and thus encounter “knowledge crisis”. Therefore， it is necessary to pursue and reiterate the value appeal and practical character of public communication. In terms of value appeal， public communication advocates the realization of public interest and common good through free speech and expression on the basis of public supremacy. In terms of practical character， public communication emphasizes the construction of public sphere and deliberative democracy through citizens’ participation and social actions. Reaffirming the value appeals and practical characters of public communication is conducive to alleviate its knowledge crisis. 2021 Vol. 60 (3): 83-90 [Abstract] ( 486 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1239 KB)  ( 257 ) 91 Jiang Kongyang’s Proposition of “Beauty Is Cumulative Emergence”and Contemporary Chinese Aesthetics Zhang Yuneng Jiang Kongyang’s New Theory of Aesthetics puts forward the proposition that “Beauty is Cumulative Emergence”. This proposition is of pioneering and innovative significance to the development of contemporary Chinese aesthetics， and still has guiding significance. Jiang Kongyang’s “Beauty is Cumulative Emergence” advocates the theory of beauty generation， opposes the theory of beauty preformation， puts beauty in the aesthetic relationship in practice， and subverts the static theory of aesthetics. Jiang Kongyang’s “Beauty is Cumulative Eemergence” advocates the multi-layered theory of beauty， opposes the single composition of beauty， and deconstructs the invariance of aesthetics. Jiang Kongyang’s “Beauty is Cumulative Emergence” advocates the quantitative change of beauty to qualitative change， opposes the theory of biological evolution of beauty， and disassembles the theory of natural life of aesthetics. This proposition adheres to， enriches and develops the dialectical materialism of aesthetics， and still has practical significance. We should inherit and carry forward Jiang Kongyang’s proposition of “Beauty is Cumulative Emergence”，and in the academic discussion， we should adhere to materialist dialectics， oppose metaphysics， and promote the prosperity and development of contemporary Chinese aesthetics. 2021 Vol. 60 (3): 91-97 [Abstract] ( 437 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (898 KB)  ( 384 ) 98 On Commonness of Roger Fry’s Art Criticism and Traditional Chinese Criticism Gao Fen British art critic Roger Fry holds a global artistic critical perspective. He advocates a critical approach which perceives emotion and thought of artistic works by soul in order to get insight into inner life experience and significance of works. Such a critical approach is similar to traditional Chinese categories of Zhi Ren Lun Shi(the precondition of criticism is to know the world and the author) and Yi Yi Ni Zhi(the critical aim is to perceive emotion and thought through soul)， which is fully presented in Fry’s Chinese and European art criticism. Fry’s contribution to art criticism is of two aspects： to advance to aesthetic criticism from Dilthey’s literary criticism， Ruskin’s moral criticism and Pater’s impressionist criticism， and to push forward the blending of traditional and contemporary arts and world arts. 2021 Vol. 60 (3): 98-106 [Abstract] ( 568 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1726 KB)  ( 274 ) 107 Research on Lu Yao’s Narration in the History of Chinese Contemporary Literature Wang Renbao The pluralistic state of the literary history narrative of Lu Yao presents his complexity on the surface， but actually dissolves the features and significance of Lu Yao and his works， resulting in the dilemma of “nowhere to put” Lu Yao in the literary history narrative. Taking “Shaanxi” or “Yanchuan” as one of the local paths of literary history narrative， we can start from Lu Yao and his works and focus on “realism” in Shaanxi or “Yanchuan Mountain Flower”， by which we may break through the existing narrative dilemma caused by presupposed narrative paradigm of literary history. 2021 Vol. 60 (3): 107-114 [Abstract] ( 373 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1689 KB)  ( 214 ) 115 The Public’s Sense of Words and Related Factors That Limit the Lexicalization of “X (monosyllabic)＋Yu” Rao Qi,　　Li Hui During language evolution， monosyllabic prepositions and their adjacent antecedents may have been fused and solidified. There are a number of disyllabic words containing “yu (于)” (“guoyu”，“guanyu”， etc.) in modern Chinese， but there has not been such a detailed list of the members of “X (monosyllabic)＋Yu” provided possibly for a long time， which constrains an effective panoramic views of the origin and formation of such words. The study takes the electronic version of People’s Daily from 2000 to 2011 as the data source， and mines a candidate set of the “X (monosyllabic)＋Yu” with a certain frequency level on the basis of large-scale real texts. The E-Prime experimental platform is introduced to classify the lexicalization degree of the members of “X (monosyllabic)＋Yu” by word sense voting， thus the most comprehensive words list of “X (monosyllabic)＋Yu” is obtained so far， and the threshold range of public word sense is provided for the first time. The study also analyzed the factors influencing the word formation of “X (monosyllabic)＋Yu” from four aspects of the nature， semantics， syntax and frequency of the antecedents. 2021 Vol. 60 (3): 115-125 [Abstract] ( 506 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1542 KB)  ( 301 ) 126 The Investigation and Analysis of Paris Commune System Xu Yaotong, The Paris Commune established in 1871 is the inheritance and development of French revolutionary spirit.But，compared with the system of the commune in the middle ages and the Paris Commune during the French Revolution，it has completely different characteristics.It constructed a complete commune system from six aspects， became the first state power under the dictatorship of the proletariat， and created four new socialist development paths of political power construction， economic construction， political construction， and democratic construction. 2021 Vol. 60 (3): 126-133 [Abstract] ( 669 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1180 KB)  ( 253 ) 134 The Historical Evolution of Japanese Neoconservatism Sun Yandi “Neoconservatism” is a political ideology that almost simultaneously originated in Japan， the United States， Britain and other developed capitalist countries. As far as Japan is concerned， Yasuhiro Nakasone， Ichiro Ozawa and Shinzo Abe have not only played the key roles of “founder”， “theoretical standard-bearer” and “practitioner” of Japanese Neoconservatism， but also played the important roles of “initiation”， “promotion” and “acceleration” in Japan’s political right deviation. Nakasone Yasuhiro’s Neoconservatism not only puts forward the slogan of “Post-war Political Final Accounts”， but also contains the political appeal of “Amending the Constitution”. Ozawa’s Neoconservatism not only designs the top-level system of “Conservative Two-party System” from the core content and operation mode， but also interprets the political idea of “Ordinary State Theory” from the perspective of basic meaning and policy framework. Abe’s neoconservatism not only takes the wrong historical view as its ideological basis， takes “Amending the Constitution” as its long cherished political wish， but also takes “Beautiful Country” as its goal. The profound and far-reaching influence of Japanese Neoconservatism and its political right deviation on the trend of Japan’s political situation and the change of East Asian pattern in the past 40 years is worthy of attention and study. 2021 Vol. 60 (3): 134-143 [Abstract] ( 743 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1667 KB)  ( 640 ) 144 Terauchi Cabinet’s Policy of Economic Bloc and Nishihara Loans Wen Chunmei In October 1916，Terauchi Masatake，the former Resident-General of Korea， formed a cabinet to replace Okuma Shigenobu’s party cabinet. The Korean Trio，namely Prime Minister Terauchi Masatake， Finance Minister Kazue Shoda， and Prime Minister’s personal adviser Nishihara Kamezo， dominated the formulation and implementation of “Sen-Man economic integration policy”， advocating mutual economic aid between China and Japan to replace Okuma cabinet’s tough diplomatic route represented by “Twenty-One Demands”. The Bank of Chosen， which played an active role in promoting “Sen-Man economic integration policy” at the financial level，was trying to apply the experience of bringing Korea into the Japanese currency circle to China. 2021 Vol. 60 (3): 144-152 [Abstract] ( 460 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1405 KB)  ( 492 ) 153 Three Misconceptions about the Role of Knowledge Learning in Student Development Chen Youqing　　Cai Qiquan Knowledge learning plays an important role in the development of students’ physical and mental quality. However， this important role is often amplified and misinterpreted. There are three main misconceptions about the role of knowledge learning in student development in China： equating knowledge mastering to student development， understanding and implementing student development within the scope of knowledge learning， and generalizing the rule of cognitive development into the rule of overall development. These misconceptions are implied in a variety of teaching theories， permeated in daily concepts， and also flooded with teaching practice. Revealing the specific manifestations of the above misunderstandings and the crux of the problems is a key issue that needs to be clarified urgently in the new era to improve the quality of school education and deepen the reform of curriculum and teaching. 2021 Vol. 60 (3): 153-160 [Abstract] ( 487 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1067 KB)  ( 370 ) 161 Does Online Lending Increase College Students' Entrepreneurial Intention？ Sheng Yuxue　　Jiang Cheng Lack of funds restricts college students' entrepreneurship. Have the development of internet finances brought new expectation to solve the problem？ This paper uses college education quality and student development survey data to study if online lending can enhance the entrepreneurial intention (EI) of Chinese college students. The results show that endogenous problems lead to the overestimation of the role of online lending on college students' EI. IV estimates show that online lending has a significantly negative impact on college students' EI. The conclusion is very robust， regardless of estimation methods or subsample. Further research finds that college students with online lending have significantly greater tendency to establish a new sense of social norms and repayment on time， and also have a higher tendency to obtain financial investment income，certain financial knowledge can significantly increase the willingness to start a business. Therefore， in order to promote entrepreneurship among college students， beside improving supervision and eliminating bad campus loans， it is more important to strengthen the popularization of financial knowledge. 2021 Vol. 60 (3): 161-173 [Abstract] ( 433 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1549 KB)  ( 623 ) 174 The Reform of Teaching Value in the Era of Artificial Intelligence Sun Jing Artificial intelligence， as a quite subversive new technology， is leading a new round of scientific and technical revolution， industrial revolution and social revolution. It overwhelmingly enters the field of education， which makes school teaching face new opportunities and challenges. Artificial intelligence not only deepens people’s understanding of human nature， but also triggers the reform of teaching value. In the era of artificial intelligence， the reform of teaching value should solve the core problem of how to further develop human’s strengths to fully realize their value. Hence in the era of artificial intelligence， schools should establish the dual teaching objectives of cultivating “human’s unique capacities” and “artificial intelligence capacities”， construct multiple teaching contents conforming to the characteristics of the artificial intelligence era， shape a “teacher-machine-student” three-dimensional teacher-student relationship， and implement an individualized and diversified dynamic teaching evaluation. 2021 Vol. 60 (3): 174-181 [Abstract] ( 583 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1154 KB)  ( 789 ) 182 On Theoretical Psychology and Its Scientific Mission and Historical Fate Gao Shenchun　　Xing Leilei Theoretical psychology is an indispensable dimension inherent in the scientific thinking of psychology as a whole， and its importance has always been recognized theoretically. In practice， however， it seems hard to avoid the fate of being marginalized. This situation has always led it into puzzlement， perplexity， and even stagnancy in its investigations. The reasons for its seemingly predestined fate lie in the peculiarity of psychology and its history on the one hand， and the special character of itself on the other. The analysis of its scientific missions reveals that the essence of theoretical psychology is the systematic questioning concerning what， necessarily， psychology proper is. This implies that it moves inevitably from a critic denial stance when dealing with naturalistic psychology programs to constructive efforts with an affirmative stance when dealing with phenomenological psychology programs. With the organic unity of human thinking， which naturally includes psychology itself as background， the whole range of theoretical psychology's scientific missions can be perceived. Only then can we appreciate the true meanings of its historical fate， thus harvesting the necessary strength and courage， and faith and hope for continuing and promoting the investigations of theoretical psychology. 2021 Vol. 60 (3): 182-188 [Abstract] ( 420 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (943 KB)  ( 215 )

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