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2004 Vol. 0, No. 3
Published: 2004-03-25
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Traditional Characteristics of Chinese Trade Association in Modern Times
Trade Association was a new type of guild organization established by businessmen during the initial period of the Republic of China, which played an important role in Chinese economic development in modern times. However, during that transitional period, many newly emerging things, to some extent, retained some old remnants, so was Trade Association. Though Trade Association belonged to new-typed business guild organizations, it still remained some characteristics of old-typed guilds. The most conspicuous expression was that it continued to take similar measures as guilds to protect its monopolist profits and had much dependence on the local authorities to protect itself and restrict the development of other businesses. The guild tradition kept by Trade Association violated the market-oriented economic development principles such as business freedom and equal competition. At the same time, it was unfavorable for some trades to make progress and innovations in some fields like technique improvement, renewal equipment and market expansion and so on. All these above indirectly reflected the complicated characteristics of the economic development of Chinese capitalism in modern times.
2004 Vol. 0 (3): 0-0 [
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400
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On the Transformation of the System and Way of Chinese Trade Association in Modern Times
The transformation of systems of Trade Association by that of business guild have experienced for more than 90 years in modern China. After the Opium War (1840-1842), with the new changes in the economic and political field of China, the guild systems were assaulted and challenged constantly.The growth of the capitalist relation and development of the new developing industry and commerce have put forward requests for the trade organization in the field of systems. The traditional guild has begun inherent changes, its function has changed gradually, which formed a kind of unofficial system that benefit the trade's development. But the inherent changes demonstrate great differences and uneven qualities in terms of different trades and areas. In addition, to make the unofficial system arrangement possess authorities, government's legal support must be obtained so as make a formal one. A series of decrees and supplementary measures from Late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China government, offered conditions for system changes of Trade Association. Meanwhile, both the help of chamber of commerce and the demonstration effects of western trade councils, promoted the final transformation of the guild. The system changes of guild in modern China were the results of internal forces combined with external forces, at the same time, were also the results of mandatory changes and inherent changes interweaved with each other from top to bottom.
2004 Vol. 0 (3): 0-0 [
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Comments on Shanghai Native Bankers''''Association in Early New China Era
The Native Bankers' Association is the longest-lived guilds in the financial industry in modern Shanghai. It kept on operating in the early years after Shanghai was liberated, protecting industrial interest, helping the government in supervision, and guiding businesses. Although its attitude towards merging of all guilds were once passive, eventually the Native Bankers' Association was aware of the situation and together with the Shanghai Bankers' Association, the Trust Guild, formed a united Financial Association in Shanghai.
2004 Vol. 0 (3): 0-0 [
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432
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Study on the Legal Protection of Traditional Knowledge
The value of traditional knowledge has been increacingly realized and it has been widely used with the development of modern science and technology. More and more holders of traditional knowledge, such as some communities, nations and countries esp. developing countries, require strongly to legally protect their traditional knowledge. But it is difficult to protect traditional knowledge with modern intellectual property system owing to its long history and collective creativity and oral spread. In this case, it is necessary to explore other laws to protect traditional knowledge based on the practice of protection with modern intellectual property system, and this paper puts forward some policies to protect traditional knowledge for China.
2004 Vol. 0 (3): 0-0 [
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501
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Some Basic Problems of the Expressions of Folklore and Construction of Sui Veneris System
It is urgent to protect the expressions of folklore. It has been concerned by people including its definition, special characters and protected objects. The paper gives concrete illustrations on the above aspects and brings forward the assumption to establish a special system(sui generic)based on the effective intellectual property systems.
2004 Vol. 0 (3): 0-0 [
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On the Dissection of the Constitutional Frame and the Party Frame of Governmental Decision-making and Executing in Contemporary China
2004 Vol. 0 (3): 0-0 [
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475
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On the Independence of Justice and Its Mechanism of Guarantee
The independence of justice is an important symbol of a modern country which rules of law, and it is the essential for the modernization of legal system. To persist in and guarantee the independence of justice is the precondition of the realization for the ruling of law. Under the guidance of the spirit of the 16th People's Congress, and closely relating to the politics development and process of rule of law in China. this paper, to expatiate the basic essence of justice independence, is trying to make a comparative analysis in following aspects: the jurisdiction independence, the independence of department of judicature and the judge independence. The viewpoint of the paper is to guarantee the justice independence, the power separation system, the court organization system, the judge selection system, and perfect the judgment procedure system so as to remove the judges' subjective ideas off through the scientific system.
2004 Vol. 0 (3): 0-0 [
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482
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An Exploration on the Community Management of Mobile Population''''s Planned Fertility (MPPF)
With the transformation of society and the acceleration of urbanization, the reform of MPPF management system must be enforced. This thesis discusses the problem in the community management of MPPF and the management mechanism and puts forward some specific proposals, such as the change in the management of MPPF from institution to humane,from restriction to guidance, the utilization of association of MPPF and volunteer organization, and the arousal of the enthusiasm regarding mobile population's self-displine, self-education and self-service.
2004 Vol. 0 (3): 0-0 [
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On the Modernization of the Rural Migrants
In China, the key to modernization is to modernize the rural areas and peasants. With the deepening of the reform and open policy, large amounts of rural surplus labor swarmed into cities. By this way, their values, psychology and behavior patterns were affected by the urban life style to a certain extent and transformed to modern type gradually. Thus, the modernity of the rural migrants came into being in the process. However, as the marginalized group in cities, the rural migrants badly need the support from society. So there is of great practical importance to build a social support system for the sake of the modernization of the rural migrants.
2004 Vol. 0 (3): 0-0 [
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On the Influence of Labor Migration on Human Capital
In modern economy, human capital is more efficient than material capital. Compared with more thorough knowledge to the promoting effect of the development of education, health and care cause, our understanding to the importance of labor migration on human capital is not sufficient. This paper is mainly concerned with the influence of labor migration on human capital. What's more, it gives suggestions on a rational guidance to labor migration.
2004 Vol. 0 (3): 0-0 [
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492
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A Study on Literature Blending Nature of Sao Poetry Style Between Eastern China and Western China
Qu Yuan and Song Yu's sao poetry composition is just to change the words of the old songs handed down from the far Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, so we can't judge their nature only by their lyrics and contents. While we inquire into their music source we can find they actually were the achievements of literature communication between eastern China and western China in the far old times.
2004 Vol. 0 (3): 0-0 [
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373
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From Neoclassicism to the Enlightment:the Turning Point--On Voltaire''''s Aesthetic Thinking
Voltaire is an important French representative of aesthetics during the transitional period from neoclassicism to enlightment aesthetics. On the basis of inheriting the positive legacies of rationalism and experimentalism and invastigating social histories and art practices of ethnic nations, he puts forward some insightful ideas about ethnic connoisseurship, art imagination and art originality, which pave the way for the artistic perceptiveness in the Enlightment Age.
2004 Vol. 0 (3): 0-0 [
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628
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Wittgenstein''''s Influence on Analytic Aesthetics
2004 Vol. 0 (3): 0-0 [
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401
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Cultural lnvestigation on the Fine Works of the Chu Art
The cultural spirits of the Chu art are innovation and freedom. The aesthetics seek motion and power as well as space and changes persistently. The cultural characteristic of the Chu art is the perfect harmony between the human and the God, which is quite different from the Confucian art and the western theocracy art.
2004 Vol. 0 (3): 0-0 [
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From Modern to the Postmodern:A Differentiate and Analyse of Contemporary Rhetoric Theories
The revival of contemporary rhetoric is caused by people's rethink of language and knowledge along with their relationship. The new rhetoric attach importance to describe the rhetoric phenomenon from a double intercommunicability and the point of view of the whole culture construction, and expatiate it in the direction of diffirent subjects as philosophy, culturology, sociology, anthropology etc. Different from the former, the postmodern rhetoric theories emphasize the rhetoric, as a "scatter" without a centre, it's a self-catradicted and an expressive device which can never compose an ordinal construction. Modern rhetoric and postmodern rhetoric theories have argued for the rhetoric phenomenon and theory, which indicates, nowadays while being more globality, human culture follows a developing trend emphasized on diversification.
2004 Vol. 0 (3): 0-0 [
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Intellectual Writing in 1990''''s
The argument between intellectual writing and folk position has been the most effective one since Menglong Poem. This article analyses the similarities and differences among the two parties in details from the viewpoint of poetics, whereas its emphasis is placed on clearing the misunderstanding to the intellectual writing. The foreordination of a poet, the article thinks, is no other than to write as an intellectual, and the actual significance of restatement of intellectuality consists in refashioning the image of the individual intellectual which has been daubed and distorted during the pursuit of modernity of one hundred years, in rebuilding an independent, incredulous and critical poetic spirit.
2004 Vol. 0 (3): 0-0 [
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Deity''''s Course:on Elite Art and Change of Culture
The deity of art derived from the religion in the pre-modern times. With the religion's decline, "genius" and the secular political power took the place of religion as it's new deity. But, since the 20th century, with the change of culture, the rapid decline of traditional humanities and art culture, and the disintegration of the old elite culture stratum, art's cult value (Kul twert) came to an end at last.
2004 Vol. 0 (3): 0-0 [
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The Modernism of Chinese City Novels in the 90''''s
In the 90's, China, with the market economy established, takes a critical step forward in the process of modernization, which makes cities the frontier of the social reform. During this period, many writers probe into problems they're concerned most from the city dwellers' point of view, such as the undue worship of money, the excessive expansion of material desire, the interpersonal relationship after the social transition, and the heterization of humanity. Their works are imbued with modern connotation, which functions to complete the psychological adjustment and transition, to make it easier for the civilians to acknowledge the modernism known as the other. It'll also create some flexible space beyond reality and provide ethical guarantee as well as ideological safeguard paving the way for the smooth landing of modernism in China.
2004 Vol. 0 (3): 0-0 [
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Writing Beyond Sex--The Feminist Standpoint in Lu Xun''''s Works
In his works concerning women, Lu Xun did his utmost to furbish the social status and dignity of women and affirmed the rights of survival and value of life. He wrote about the self-meditation and self-criticism of men as to women, probed into and directed the way for women's emancipation. To a large degree, his works exceeds the male angle of view and consciousness and has a sharp standpoint of feminism.
2004 Vol. 0 (3): 0-0 [
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Cultural Differences of English and Chinese Idioms
This paper analyses the main reasons of cultural differences of English and Chinese idioms. Cultural differences between China and England, which has been developed in history, make idioms apparently dissimilar due to different living condition and geographical features, different custom, different attitude towards objects, different religious, and different historical allusions. Only when we have a good grasp of different cultural origins of two nations can we translate the idioms in a proper way.
2004 Vol. 0 (3): 0-0 [
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On Identification of Main Ideas in Interpreting
Identification of main ideas is a fundamental skill of great importance in interpreting. The unique process and aims of interpreting mandate that great attention be given to the nurturing of the skill because it makes a great difference in the quality of interpreting. The paper proposes that training on identification of main ideas should be conducted on the sentence level and the discourse level . On the sentence level, interpreters should be exposed to the linguistic disparities between the languages. On the discourse level, background investigation, note-taking, logical analysis of types of speech, visualizing, and anticipation are emphasized.
2004 Vol. 0 (3): 0-0 [
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Notions on Effective Development of Human Beings
This essay discusses some notions of effective development of human beings further, including citizen's quality formation of comfortable society, groups of talents, effective structure of personal knowledge and ability, effective teaching, effectiveness of human's education, effective education of morality, effectiveness of moral work and effective school management.
2004 Vol. 0 (3): 0-0 [
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336
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On the Academic Value and Research Style of Volumns of Chinese Language Studies in Central China Normal University
2004 Vol. 0 (3): 0-0 [
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411
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On Chinese Ancient Literature Documents by Zhang San-xi
2004 Vol. 0 (3): 0-0 [
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446
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